Keep FirebaseCore, FirebaseCoreExtension and FirebaseCoreInternal pod versions aligned to latest

[paulb777]

Prevent future breakages like #13942

There is no real value in letting these versions diverge and this better matches SPM

[google-oss-bot]

	1 Warning
⚠️	Did you forget to add a changelog entry? (Add #no-changelog to the PR description to silence this warning.)

Generated by 🚫 Danger

[paulb777]

CI failures look to be related to SpecStaging revert for 11.4.x testing

[ncooke3]

I think we should also change FirebaseCoreExtension.podspec to have a strict dependency on FirebaseCore as well:

firebase-ios-sdk/FirebaseCoreExtension.podspec

Line 37 in a7e7eb1

s.dependency 'FirebaseCore', '~> 11.0'

Because like in the Flutter bug, FirebaseAuth v11.2's floating depending on FirebaseCoreExtension allowed it depend on a newer FirebaseCoreExtension. If FirebaseCoreExtension strictly depended on FirebaseCore, it would prevent this float when using pods from the Firebase.podspec. because the Firebase.podspec strictly depends on a FirebaseCore version. Flutter currently uses the Firebase pod: https://github.com/firebase/flutterfire/blob/b5511588fed0762c102cf1e0b96a3f2e365ae2dd/packages/firebase_auth/firebase_auth/ios/firebase_auth.podspec#L34-L35

[ncooke3]

Thanks! Will re-stage and re-tag.