Add 2024-03-07-enlarge-efi-system-partition

content/blog/2024-03-07-enlarge-efi-system-partition/index.md

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+---
+Title: Enlarge the EFI System Partition on a Dual Boot System (Arch Linux + Windows)
+Date: 2024-03-07T23:00:00
+Tags: [tutorial]
+---
+
+{{<notice warning>}}
+After modifying the EFI System Partition (ESP), you might need to rebuild Windows boot configuration data (BCD).
+{{</notice>}}
+
+## Prerequisite
+
+- Bootable USB with Arch Linux live environment
+- Bootable USB with Windows installation ISO
+
+If your computer uses the new Intel Volume Management Device (VMD) technology:
+- USB with the Intel Rapid Storage Technology (IRST) driver package inside
+- Or, Bootable USB with Windows installation ISO provided by the computer manufacturer instead
+
+## Enlarge the EFI System Partition (ESP) in the Arch Linux Live Environment
+
+1. Boot the computer with Arch Linux live environment
+2. Use a partitioning tool like `parted` to make room for the ESP
+3. Mount the ESP:
+
+    `# mount /dev/sdx1 /mnt` # replace sdx1 with ESP
+
+4. Backup the contents of the ESP:
+
+    `# mkdir ~/esp`
+
+    `# rsync -av /mnt/ ~/esp/`
+
+5. Unmount the ESP:
+
+    `# umount /mnt`
+
+6. Delete and recreate the ESP:
+
+    ```bash
+    gdisk /dev/sdx # replace sdx with disk containing ESP
+    p (list partitions)
+    (ensure the ESP is the first partition)
+    d (delete partition)
+    1 (select first partition)
+    n (create partition)
+    Enter (use default partition number, should be 1)
+    Enter (use default first sector, should be 2048)
+    Enter (use default last sector, should be all available space)
+    EF00 (hex code for EFI system partition)
+    w (write changes to disk and exit)
+    ```
+
+7. Format the ESP:
+
+    `# mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sdx1`
+
+8. Restore the contents of the ESP:
+
+    `# mount /dev/sdx1 /mnt`
+
+    `# rsync -av ~/esp/ /mnt`
+
+9. Unmount the ESP:
+
+    `# umount /mnt`
+
+10. Mount the root volume of the installed Arch Linux
+
+    `# mount /dev/sdx2 /mnt` # replace sdx2 with root volume
+
+11. Change root into the Arch Linux
+
+    `# arch-chroot /mnt`
+
+12. Get the new UUID of the ESP
+
+    `# blkid | grep EFI`
+
+13. Update EFI entry in `/etc/fstab` of Arch Linux
+
+    ```bash
+    UUID=XXXX-XXXX /boot vfat umask=0077 0 2 # Replace with UUID from blkid
+    ```
+
+14. Update GRUB
+
+    `# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg`
+
+## Rebuild Windows boot configuration data (BCD) in Windows Installation Environment
+
+{{<notice note>}}
+If your computer uses the new Intel Volume Management Device (VMD) technology:
+
+a. You may need to prepare another USB with the Intel Rapid Storage Technology (IRST) driver package inside.
+
+b. Or, use the Windows installation ISO provided by the computer manufacturer, e.g., Dell provides the Windows installation ISO with basic drivers.
+> [Dell media](https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000123667/how-to-download-and-use-the-dell-os-recovery-image-in-microsoft-windows) does include basic drivers for RAID controllers, so if a RAID is deleted and partitions are cleared, the installation media will recreate partitions and install Windows 10 without the need for additional driver installations.
+> 
+> --- [link](https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000146119/windows-10-command-line-driver-install-for-dell-media-missing-nvme-driver)
+{{</notice>}}
+
+1. Boot the computer with the Windows installation environment
+2. Open the command prompt
+3. Use `diskpart` to check whether the Windows installed volume is visible
+
+    ```cmd
+    > diskpart
+    diskpart> list disk
+    diskpart> select disk disk_num # disk_num is the disk where you installed windows
+    diskpart> list volume
+    diskpart> exit
+    ```
+
+4. Backup the BCD of the Windows Installation Environment
+
+    `> ren BCD BCD.bak`
+
+5. Rebuild BCD
+
+    `> bootrec /rebuildbcd`
+
+6. Boot the computer with installed Arch Linux
+
+7. Update GRUB for the new Windows BCD
+
+    `$ sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg`
+
+## Reference & More Information
+
+- https://superuser.com/questions/1230741/how-to-resize-the-efi-system-partition
+- https://www.lifewire.com/how-to-rebuild-the-bcd-in-windows-2624508
+- https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000123667/how-to-download-and-use-the-dell-os-recovery-image-in-microsoft-windows
+- https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000146119/windows-10-command-line-driver-install-for-dell-media-missing-nvme-driver
+- https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000188116/intel-11th-generation-processors-no-drives-can-be-found-during-windows-10-installation