Asciidoctor

Asciidoctor is a fast text processor and publishing toolchain for converting AsciiDoc content to HTML5, DocBook 5 (or 4.5) and other formats. Asciidoctor is written in Ruby, packaged as a RubyGem and published to RubyGems.org. The gem is also included in several Linux distributions, including Fedora, Debian and Ubuntu. Asciidoctor is open source, hosted on GitHub and released under the MIT license.

Translations of this document are available in the following languages:

• 汉语

• Français

• 日本語

Key documentation

• What is Asciidoc?

• AsciiDoc Writer’s Guide

• AsciiDoc Syntax Reference

• Asciidoctor User Manual

Where Ruby goes, Asciidoctor follows

You can run Asciidoctor on the JVM using JRuby. To invoke the Asciidoctor API directly from Java and other JVM languages, use AsciidoctorJ. There are plugins available, based on AsciidoctorJ, that integrate the Asciidoctor processor into Apache Maven, Gradle or Javadoc builds.

Asciidoctor also runs in JavaScript. We use Opal to transcompile the Ruby source to JavaScript to produce Asciidoctor.js, a fully-functional version of Asciidoctor that works in any JavaScript environment, such as a web browser or Node.js. Asciidoctor.js is used to power the AsciiDoc preview extensions for Chrome, Atom, Brackets and other web-based tooling.

Project health

The Big Picture

Asciidoctor reads content written in plain text, as shown in the panel on the left in the image below, and converts it to HTML5, as shown rendered in the right panel. Asciidoctor applies a default stylesheet to the HTML5 document to provide a pleasant out-of-the-box experience.

AsciiDoc Processing

Asciidoctor reads and parses text written in the AsciiDoc syntax, then feeds the parse tree to a set of built-in converters to produce HTML5, DocBook 5 (or 4.5) or man(ual) page output. You have the option of using your own converter or loading Tilt-supported templates to customize the generated output or produce additional formats.

📎	Asciidoctor is a drop-in replacement for the original AsciiDoc Python processor (asciidoc.py). The Asciidoctor test suite has > 1,600 tests to ensure compatibility with the AsciiDoc syntax.

In addition to the classic AsciiDoc syntax, Asciidoctor recognizes additional markup and formatting options, such as font-based icons (e.g., icon:fire[]) and UI elements (e.g., button:[Save]). Asciidoctor also offers a modern, responsive theme based on Foundation to style the HTML5 output.

Requirements

Asciidoctor works on Linux, OS X (Mac) and Windows and requires one of the following implementations of Ruby:

• MRI (Ruby 1.8.7, 1.9.3, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2 & 2.3)

• JRuby (1.7 in Ruby 1.8 and 1.9 modes, 9000)

• Rubinius 2.2.x

• Opal (JavaScript)

We welcome your help testing Asciidoctor on these and other platforms. Refer to the Contributing section to learn how to get involved.

🔥

If you’re using a non-English Windows environment, you may bump into an Encoding::UndefinedConversionError when invoking Asciidoctor. To solve this issue, we recommend changing the active code page in your console to UTF-8: chcp 65001 Once you make this change, all your Unicode headaches will be behind you. If you’re using an IDE like Eclipse, make sure you set the encoding to UTF-8 there as well. Asciidoctor works best when you use UTF-8 everywhere.

Installation

Asciidoctor can be installed using (a) the gem install command, (b) Bundler or (c) package managers for popular Linux distributions.

💡

The benefit of using a Linux package manager to install the gem is that it handles installing Ruby and the RubyGems library if those packages are not already installed on your machine. The drawback is that the package may not be available immediately after the release of the gem. If you need the latest version, you can always fallback to using the gem command.

(a) gem install

Open a terminal and type (excluding the leading $):

$ gem install asciidoctor

If you want to install a pre-release version (e.g., a release candidate), use:

$ gem install asciidoctor --pre

💡

Upgrading your installation If you have an earlier version of Asciidoctor installed, you can update it using: $ gem update asciidoctor If you install a new version of the gem using gem install instead of gem update, you’ll have multiple versions installed. If that’s the case, use the following gem command to remove the old versions: $ gem cleanup asciidoctor

(b) Bundler

1. Create a Gemfile in the root folder of your project (or the current directory)

2. Add the asciidoctor gem to your Gemfile as follows:

   source 'https://rubygems.org'
   gem 'asciidoctor'
   # or specify the version explicitly
   # gem 'asciidoctor', '1.5.5'

3. Save the Gemfile

4. Open a terminal and install the gem using:

   $ bundle

To upgrade the gem, specify the new version in the Gemfile and run bundle again. Using bundle update is not recommended as it will also update other gems, which may not be the desired result.

(c) Linux package managers

DNF (Fedora 21 or greater)

To install the gem on Fedora 21 or greater using dnf, open a terminal and type:

$ sudo dnf install -y asciidoctor

To upgrade the gem, use:

$ sudo dnf update -y asciidoctor

💡	Your system may be configured to automatically update rpm packages, in which case no action is required by you to update the gem.

apt-get (Debian, Ubuntu, Mint)

To install the gem on Debian, Ubuntu or Mint, open a terminal and type:

$ sudo apt-get install -y asciidoctor

To upgrade the gem, use:

$ sudo apt-get upgrade -y asciidoctor

💡	Your system may be configured to automatically update deb packages, in which case no action is required by you to update the gem.

The version of Asciidoctor installed by the package manager (apt-get) may not match the latest release of Asciidoctor. Consult the package repository for your distribution to find out which version is packaged per distribution release.

• asciidoctor package by Debian release

• asciidoctor package by Ubuntu release

• asciidoctor package by Mint release

🔥

You’re advised against using the gem update command to update a gem managed by the package manager. Doing so puts the system into an inconsistent state as the package manager can no longer track the files (which get installed under /usr/local). Simply put, system gems should only be managed by the package manager. If you want to use a version of Asciidoctor that is newer than what is installed by the package manager, you should use RVM to install Ruby in your home directory (i.e., user space). Then, you can safely use the gem command to install or update the Asciidoctor gem. When using RVM, gems are installed in a location isolated from the system.

apk (Alpine Linux)

To install the gem on Alpine Linux, open a terminal and type:

$ sudo apk add asciidoctor

To upgrade the gem, use:

$ sudo apk add -u asciidoctor

💡	Your system may be configured to automatically update apk packages, in which case no action is required by you to update the gem.

Other installation options

• Installing Asciidoctor using Docker

• Installing Asciidoctor on Mac OS X

Usage

If the Asciidoctor gem installed successfully, the asciidoctor command line interface (CLI) will be available on your PATH. To verify it’s available, run the following in your terminal:

$ asciidoctor --version

You should see information about the Asciidoctor version and your Ruby environment printed in the terminal.

Asciidoctor 1.5.5 [http://asciidoctor.org]
Runtime Environment (ruby 2.2.2p95 [x86_64-linux]) (lc:UTF-8 fs:UTF-8 in:- ex:UTF-8)

Asciidoctor also provides an API. The API is intended for integration with other Ruby software, such as Rails, Sinatra and GitHub, and other languages, such as Java (via AsciidoctorJ) and JavaScript (via Asciidoctor.js).

Command line interface (CLI)

The asciidoctor command allows you to invoke Asciidoctor from the command line (i.e., a terminal).

The following command converts the file README.adoc to HTML and saves the result to the file README.html in the same directory. The name of the generated HTML file is derived from the source file by changing its file extension to .html.

$ asciidoctor README.adoc

You can control the Asciidoctor processor by adding various flags and switches, which you can learn about using:

$ asciidoctor --help

For instance, to write the file to a different directory, use:

$ asciidoctor -D output README.adoc

The asciidoctor man page provides a complete reference of the command line interface.

Refer to the following resources to learn more about how to use the asciidoctor command.

• How do I convert a document?

• How do I use the Asciidoctor stylesheet factory to produce custom themes?

Ruby API

To use Asciidoctor in your application, you first need to require the gem:

require 'asciidoctor'

You can then convert an AsciiDoc source file to an HTML file using:

Asciidoctor.convert_file 'README.adoc', to_file: true, safe: :safe

⚠️	When using Asciidoctor via the API, the default safe mode is :secure. In secure mode, several core features are disabled, including the include directive. If you want to enable these features, you’ll need to explicitly set the safe mode to :server (recommended) or :safe.

You can also convert an AsciiDoc string to embeddable HTML (for inserting in an HTML page) using:

content = '_Zen_ in the art of writing http://asciidoctor.org[AsciiDoc].'
Asciidoctor.convert content, safe: :safe

If you want the full HTML document, enable the header_footer option as follows:

content = '_Zen_ in the art of writing http://asciidoctor.org[AsciiDoc].'
html = Asciidoctor.convert content, header_footer: true, safe: :safe

If you need access to the parsed document, you can split the conversion into discrete steps:

content = '_Zen_ in the art of writing http://asciidoctor.org[AsciiDoc].'
document = Asciidoctor.load content, header_footer: true, safe: :safe
puts document.doctitle
html = document.convert

Keep in mind that if you don’t like the output Asciidoctor produces, you can change it! Asciidoctor supports custom converters that can handle converting from the parsed document to the generated output.

One easy way to customize the output piecemeal is by using the template converter. The template converter allows you to supply a Tilt-supported template file to handle converting any node in the document.

However you go about it, you can have 100% control over the output. For more information about how to use the API or to customize the output, refer to the user manual.

Contributing

In the spirit of free software, everyone is encouraged to help improve this project. If you discover errors or omissions in the source code, documentation, or website content, please don’t hesitate to submit an issue or open a pull request with a fix. New contributors are always welcome!

Here are some ways you can contribute:

• by using prerelease (alpha, beta or preview) versions

• by reporting bugs

• by suggesting new features

• by writing or editing documentation

• by writing specifications

• by writing code — No patch is too small.

  • fix typos

  • add comments

  • clean up inconsistent whitespace

  • write tests!

• by refactoring code

• by fixing issues

• by reviewing patches

The Contributing guide provides information on how to create, style, and submit issues, feature requests, code, and documentation to the Asciidoctor Project.

Getting Help

The Asciidoctor project is developed to help you easily write and publish your content. But we can’t do it without your feedback! We encourage you to ask questions and discuss any aspects of the project on the discussion list, on Twitter or in the chat room.

Discussion list (Nabble)

http://discuss.asciidoctor.org

Twitter

#asciidoctor hashtag or @asciidoctor mention

Chat (Gitter)

Further information and documentation about Asciidoctor can be found on the project’s website.

Home | News | Docs

The Asciidoctor organization on GitHub hosts the project’s source code, issue tracker, and sub-projects.

Source repository (git)

https://github.com/asciidoctor/asciidoctor

Issue tracker

https://github.com/asciidoctor/asciidoctor/issues

Asciidoctor organization on GitHub

https://github.com/asciidoctor

Copyright and Licensing

Copyright © 2012-2016 Dan Allen, Ryan Waldron and the Asciidoctor Project. Free use of this software is granted under the terms of the MIT License.

See the LICENSE file for details.

Authors

Asciidoctor is led by Dan Allen and Sarah White and has received contributions from many other individuals in Asciidoctor’s awesome community. The project was initiated in 2012 by Ryan Waldron and based on a prototype written by Nick Hengeveld.

AsciiDoc was started by Stuart Rackham and has received contributions from many other individuals in the AsciiDoc community.

Changelog

1.5.5 (2016-10-05) - @mojavelinux

Enhancements

• Add preference to limit the maximum size of an attribute value (#1861)

• Honor SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable to accomodate reproducible builds (@JojoBoulix) (#1721)

• Add reversed attribute to ordered list if reversed option is enabled (#1830)

• Add support for additional docinfo locations (e.g., :header)

• Configure default stylesheet to break monospace word if exceeds length of line; add roles to prevent breaks (#1814)

• Introduce translation file for built-in labels (@ciampix)

• Provide translations for built-in labels (@JmyL - kr, @ciampix - it, @ivannov - bg, @maxandersen - da, @radcortez - pt, @eddumelendez - es, @leathersole - jp, @aslakknutsen - no, @shahryareiv - fa, @AlexanderZobkov - ru, @dongwq - zh, @rmpestano - pt_BR, @ncomet - fr, @lgvz - fi, @patoi - hu, @BojanStipic - sr, @fwilhe - de, @rahmanusta - tr, @abelsromero - ca, @aboullaite - ar, @roelvs - nl)

• Translate README to Chinese (@diguage)

• Translate README to Japanese (@Mizuho32)

Improvements

• Style nested emphasized phrases properly when using default stylesheet (#1691)

• Honor explicit table width even when autowidth option is set (#1843)

• Only explicit noheader option on table should disable implicit table header (#1849)

• Support docbook orient="land" attribute on tables (#1815)

• Add alias named list to retrieve parent List of ListItem

• Update push_include method to support chaining (#1836)

• Enable font smoothing on Firefox on OSX (#1837)

• Support combined use of sectanchors and sectlinks in HTML5 output (#1806)

• fix API docs for find_by

• Upgrade to Font Awesome 4.6.3 (@allenan, @mogztter) (#1723)

• README: add install instructions for Alpine Linux

• README: Switch yum commands to dnf in README

• README: Mention Mint as a Debian distro that packages Asciidoctor

• README: Add caution advising against using gem update to update a system-managed gem (@oddhack)

• README: sync French version with English version (@flashcode)

• Add missing endline after title element when converting open block to HTML

• Move list_marker_keyword method from AbstractNode to AbstractBlock

• Rename definition list to description list internally

Compliance

• Support 6-digit decimal char refs, 5-digit hexidecimal char refs (#1824)

• Compatibility fixes for Opal

• Check for number using Integer instead of Fixnum class for compatibility with Ruby 2.4

Bug fixes

• Use method_defined? instead of respond_to? to check if method is already defined when patching (#1838)

• Fix invalid conditional in HTML5 converter when handling of SVG

• Processor#parse_content helper no longer shares attribute list between blocks (#1651)

• Fix infinite loop if unordered list marker is immediately followed by a dot (#1679)

• Don’t break SVG source when cleaning if svg start tag name is immediately followed by endline (#1676)

• Prevent template converter from crashing if .rb file found in template directory (#1827)

• Fix crash when generating section ID when both idprefix & idseparator are blank (#1821)

• Use stronger CSS rule for general text color in Pygments stylesheet (#1802)

• Don’t duplicate forward slash for path relative to root (#1822)

Infrastructure

• Build gem properly in the absense of a git workspace, make compatible with JRuby (#1779)

• Run tests in CI using latest versions of Ruby, including Ruby 2.3 (@ferdinandrosario)

1.5.4 (2016-01-03) - @mojavelinux

Enhancements

• translate README into French (@anthonny, @mogztter, @gscheibel, @mgreau) (#1630)

• allow linkstyle in manpage output to be configured (#1610)

Improvements

• upgrade to MathJax 2.6.0 and disable loading messages

• upgrade to Font Awesome 4.5.0

• disable toc if document has no sections (#1633)

• convert inline asciimath to MathML (using asciimath gem) in DocBook converter (#1622)

• add attribute to control build reproducibility (@bk2204) (#1453)

• recognize file:/// as a file root in Opal browser env (#1561)

• honor icon attribute on admonition block when font-based icons are enabled (@robertpanzer) (#1593)

• resolve custom icon relative to iconsdir; add file extension if absent (#1634)

• allow asciidoctor cli to resolve library path when invoked without leading ./

Compliance

• allow special section to be nested at any depth (#1591)

• ensure colpcwidth values add up to 100%; increase precision of values to 4 decimal places (#1647)

• ignore blank cols attribute on table (#1647)

• support shorthand syntax for block attributes on document title (#1650)

Bug fixes

• don’t include default toc in AsciiDoc table cell; don’t pass toc location attributes to nested document (#1582)

• guard against nil dlist list item in find_by (#1618)

• don’t swallow trailing line when include file is not readable (#1602)

• change xlink namespace to xl in DocBook 5 output to prevent parse error (#1597)

• make callouts globally unique within document, including AsciiDoc table cells (#1626)

• initialize Slim-related attributes regardless of when Slim was loaded (@terceiro) (#1576)

• differentiate literal backslash from escape sequence in manpage output (@ds26gte) (#1604)

• don’t mistake line beginning with \. for troff macro in manpage output (@ds26gte) (#1589)

• escape leading dots so user content doesn’t trigger troff macros in manpage output (@ds26gte) (#1631)

• use \c after .URL macro to remove extraneous space in manpage output (@ds26gte) (#1590)

• fix missing endline after .URL macro in manpage output (#1613)

• properly handle spacing around .URL/.MTO macro in manpage output (@ds26gte) (#1641)

• don’t swallow doctitle attribute followed by block title (#1587)

• change strategy for splitting names of author; fixes bug in Opal/Asciidoctor.js

• don’t fail if library is loaded more than once

Infrastructure

• remove trailing endlines in project source code

• update contributing guidelines

• explicitly test ifeval scenario raised in issue #1585

• remove backreference substitution hack for Opal/Asciidoctor.js

• fix assignment of default Hash value for Opal/Asciidoctor.js

• add JRuby 9.0.4.0 and Ruby 2.3.0 to the Travis CI build matrix

1.5.3 (2015-10-31) - @mojavelinux

Enhancements

• add support for interactive & inline SVGs (#1301, #1224)

• add built-in manpage backend (@davidgamba) (#651)

• create Mallard backend; asciidoctor/asciidoctor-mallard (@bk2204) (#425)

• add AsciiMath to MathML converter to support AsciiMath in DocBook converter (@pepijnve) (#954)

• allow text of selected lines to be highlighted in source block by Pygments or CodeRay (#1429)

• use value of docinfo attribute to control docinfo behavior (#1510)

• add docinfosubs attribute to control which substitutions are performed on docinfo files (@mogztter) (#405)

• drop ability to specify multiple attributes with a single -a flag when using the CLI (@mogztter) (#405)

• make subtitle separator chars for document title configurable (@rmannibucau) (#1350)

• make XrefInlineRx regexp more permissive (Mathieu Boespflug) (#844)

Improvements

• load JavaScript and CSS at bottom of HTML document (@mogztter) (#1238)

• list available backends in help text (@plaindocs) (#1271)

• properly expand tabs in literal text (#1170, #841)

• add source-indent as document attribute (@mogztter) (#1169)

• upgrade MathJax to 2.5.3 (#1329)

• upgrade Font Awesome to 4.4.0 (@mogztter) (#1465)

• upgrade highlight.js to 8.6 (now 8.9.1) (#1390)

• don’t abort if syntax highlighter isn’t available (#1253)

• insert docinfo footer below footer div (#1503)

• insert toc at default location in embeddable HTML (#1443)

• replace _ and - in generated alt text for inline images

• restore attributes to header attributes after parse (#1255)

• allow docdate and doctime to be overridden (#1495)

• add CSS class .center for center block alignment (#1456)

• recognize U+2022 (bullet) as alternative marker for unordered lists (@mogztter) (#1177)

• allow videos to work for local files by prepending asset-uri-scheme (Chris) (#1320)

• always assign playlist param when loop option is enabled for YouTube video

• parse isolated version in revision line (@bk2204) (#790)

• autoload Tilt when template converter is instantiated (#1313)

• don’t overwrite existing id entry in references table (#1256)

• use outfilesuffix attribute defined in header when resolving outfile (#1412)

• make AsciiDoc safe mode option on Slim engine match document (#1347)

• honor htmlsyntax attribute when backend is html/html5 (#1530)

• tighten spacing of wrapped lines in TOC (#1542)

• tune padding around table cells in horizontal dlist (#1418)

• load Droid Sans Mono 700 in default stylesheet

• set line height of table cells used for syntax highlighting

• set font-family of kbd; refine styling (#1423)

• extract condition into quote_lines? method (@mogztter)

• extract inline code into read_paragraph method (@mogztter)

• parent of block in ListItem should be ListItem (#1359)

• add helper methods to List and ListItem (#1551)

• add method AbstractNode#add_role and AbstractNode#remove_role (@robertpanzer) (#1366)

• introduce helper methods for sniffing URIs (#1422)

• add helper to calculate basename without file extension

• document -I and -r options in the manual page (@bk2204)

• fix --help output text for -I (@bk2204)

• don’t require open-uri-cached if already loaded

• do not attempt to scan pattern of non-existent directory in template converter

• prevent CodeRay from bolding every 10th line number

Compliance

• use <sup> for footnote reference in text instead of <span> (#1523)

• fix alignment of wrapped text in footnote (#1524)

• include full stop after footnote number in embeddable HTML

• show manpage title & name section in embeddable HTML (#1179)

• resolve missing attribute in ifeval to empty string (#1387)

• support unbreakable & breakable options on table (rockyallen) (#1140)

Bug fixes

• don’t truncate exception stack in Asciidoctor.load (#1248)

• don’t fail to save cause of Java exception (@robertpanzer) (#1458)

• fix precision error in timings report (#1342)

• resolve regexp for inline macro lazily (#1336)

• block argument to find_by should filter results (#1393)

• strip comment lines in indented text of dlist item (#1537)

• preserve escaped delimiter at end of line in a table (#1306)

• correctly calculate colnames for implicit columns (#1556)

• don’t crash if colspan exceeds colspec (#1460)

• account for empty records in colspec (#1375)

• ignore empty cols attribute on table

• use .inspect to print MathJax delimiters (again) (#1198)

• use while loop instead of begin/while loop to address bug in Asciidoctor.js (#1408)

• force encoding of attribute values passed from cli (#1191)

• don’t copy css if stylesheet or stylesdir is a URI (#1400)

• fix invalid color value in default CodeRay theme

• built-in writer no longer fails if output is nil (#1544)

• custom template engine options should take precedence

• fallback to require with a non-relative path to support Debian package (@mogztter)

• pass opts to recursive invocations of PathResolver#system_path

• fix and test external links in docbook backend

• use format symbol :html instead of :html5 for Slim to fix warnings

• fix documentation for inline_macro and block_macro (Andrea Bedini)

• fix grammar in warning messages regarding thread_safe gem

Infrastructure

• migrate opal_ext from core to Asciidoctor.js (#1517)

• add Ruby 2.2 to CI build; only specify minor Ruby versions

• enable containerized builds on Travis CI

• add config to run CI build on AppVeyor

• exclude benchmark folder from gem (#1522)

Refer to the CHANGELOG for a complete list of changes in older releases.