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# cotengrust

`cotengrust` provides fast rust implemented versions of contraction ordering
primitives for tensor networks and einsums.
`cotengrust` provides fast rust implementations of contraction ordering
primitives for tensor networks or einsum expressions. The two main functions
are:

- `optimize_optimal(inputs, output, size_dict, **kwargs)`
- `optimize_greedy(inputs, output, size_dict, **kwargs)`

The optimal algorithm is an optimized version of the `opt_einsum` 'dp'
path - itself an implementation of https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.6112.


## Installation

`cotengrust` is available for most platforms from
[PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/cotengrust/):

```bash
pip install cotengrust
```

or if you want to develop locally (which requires [pyo3](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3)
and [maturin](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin)):

```bash
git clone https://github.com/jcmgray/cotengrust.git
cd cotengrust
maturin develop --release
```
(the release flag is very important for assessing performance!).


## Usage

If `cotengrust` is installed, then by default `cotengra` will use it for its
greedy and optimal subroutines, notably subtree reconfiguration. You can also
call the routines directly:

```python
import cotengra as ctg
import cotengrust as ctgr

# specify an 8x8 square lattice contraction
inputs, output, shapes, size_dict = ctg.utils.lattice_equation([8, 8])

# find the optimal 'combo' contraction path
%%time
path = ctgr.optimize_optimal(inputs, output, size_dict, minimize='combo')
# CPU times: user 13.7 s, sys: 83.4 ms, total: 13.7 s
# Wall time: 13.7 s

# construct a contraction tree for further introspection
tree = ctg.ContractionTree.from_path(
inputs, output, size_dict, path=path
)
tree.plot_rubberband()
```
![optimal-8x8-order](https://github.com/jcmgray/cotengrust/assets/8982598/f8e18ff2-5ace-4e46-81e1-06bffaef5e45)


## API

The optimize functions follow the api of the python implementations in `cotengra.pathfinders.path_basic.py`.

```python
def optimize_optimal(
inputs,
output,
size_dict,
minimize='flops',
cost_cap=2,
search_outer=False,
simplify=True,
use_ssa=False,
):
"""Find an optimal contraction ordering.
Parameters
----------
inputs : Sequence[Sequence[str]]
The indices of each input tensor.
output : Sequence[str]
The indices of the output tensor.
size_dict : dict[str, int]
The size of each index.
minimize : str, optional
The cost function to minimize. The options are:
- "flops": minimize with respect to total operation count only
(also known as contraction cost)
- "size": minimize with respect to maximum intermediate size only
(also known as contraction width)
- 'write' : minimize the sum of all tensor sizes, i.e. memory written
- 'combo' or 'combo={factor}` : minimize the sum of
FLOPS + factor * WRITE, with a default factor of 64.
- 'limit' or 'limit={factor}` : minimize the sum of
MAX(FLOPS, alpha * WRITE) for each individual contraction, with a
default factor of 64.
'combo' is generally a good default in term of practical hardware
performance, where both memory bandwidth and compute are limited.
cost_cap : float, optional
The maximum cost of a contraction to initially consider. This acts like
a sieve and is doubled at each iteration until the optimal path can
be found, but supplying an accurate guess can speed up the algorithm.
search_outer : bool, optional
If True, consider outer product contractions. This is much slower but
theoretically might be required to find the true optimal 'flops'
ordering. In practical settings (i.e. with minimize='combo'), outer
products should not be required.
simplify : bool, optional
Whether to perform simplifications before optimizing. These are:
- ignore any indices that appear in all terms
- combine any repeated indices within a single term
- reduce any non-output indices that only appear on a single term
- combine any scalar terms
- combine any tensors with matching indices (hadamard products)
Such simpifications may be required in the general case for the proper
functioning of the core optimization, but may be skipped if the input
indices are already in a simplified form.
use_ssa : bool, optional
Whether to return the contraction path in 'single static assignment'
(SSA) format (i.e. as if each intermediate is appended to the list of
inputs, without removals). This can be quicker and easier to work with
than the 'linear recycled' format that `numpy` and `opt_einsum` use.
Returns
-------
path : list[list[int]]
The contraction path, given as a sequence of pairs of node indices. It
may also have single term contractions if `simplify=True`.
"""
...


def optimize_greedy(
inputs,
output,
size_dict,
costmod=1.0,
temperature=0.0,
simplify=True,
use_ssa=False,
):
"""Find a contraction path using a (randomizable) greedy algorithm.
Parameters
----------
inputs : Sequence[Sequence[str]]
The indices of each input tensor.
output : Sequence[str]
The indices of the output tensor.
size_dict : dict[str, int]
A dictionary mapping indices to their dimension.
costmod : float, optional
When assessing local greedy scores how much to weight the size of the
tensors removed compared to the size of the tensor added::
score = size_ab - costmod * (size_a + size_b)
This can be a useful hyper-parameter to tune.
temperature : float, optional
When asessing local greedy scores, how much to randomly perturb the
score. This is implemented as::
score -> sign(score) * log(|score|) - temperature * gumbel()
which implements boltzmann sampling.
simplify : bool, optional
Whether to perform simplifications before optimizing. These are:
- ignore any indices that appear in all terms
- combine any repeated indices within a single term
- reduce any non-output indices that only appear on a single term
- combine any scalar terms
- combine any tensors with matching indices (hadamard products)
Such simpifications may be required in the general case for the proper
functioning of the core optimization, but may be skipped if the input
indices are already in a simplified form.
use_ssa : bool, optional
Whether to return the contraction path in 'single static assignment'
(SSA) format (i.e. as if each intermediate is appended to the list of
inputs, without removals). This can be quicker and easier to work with
than the 'linear recycled' format that `numpy` and `opt_einsum` use.
Returns
-------
path : list[list[int]]
The contraction path, given as a sequence of pairs of node indices. It
may also have single term contractions if `simplify=True`.
"""

def optimize_simplify(
inputs,
output,
size_dict,
use_ssa=False,
):
"""Find the (partial) contracton path for simplifiactions only.
Parameters
----------
inputs : Sequence[Sequence[str]]
The indices of each input tensor.
output : Sequence[str]
The indices of the output tensor.
size_dict : dict[str, int]
A dictionary mapping indices to their dimension.
use_ssa : bool, optional
Whether to return the contraction path in 'single static assignment'
(SSA) format (i.e. as if each intermediate is appended to the list of
inputs, without removals). This can be quicker and easier to work with
than the 'linear recycled' format that `numpy` and `opt_einsum` use.
Returns
-------
path : list[list[int]]
The contraction path, given as a sequence of pairs of node indices. It
may also have single term contractions.
"""
...

def ssa_to_linear(ssa_path, n=None):
"""Convert a SSA path to linear format."""
...

def find_subgraphs(inputs, output, size_dict,):
"""Find all disconnected subgraphs of a specified contraction."""
...
```

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