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# cotengrust | ||
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`cotengrust` provides fast rust implemented versions of contraction ordering | ||
primitives for tensor networks and einsums. | ||
`cotengrust` provides fast rust implementations of contraction ordering | ||
primitives for tensor networks or einsum expressions. The two main functions | ||
are: | ||
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- `optimize_optimal(inputs, output, size_dict, **kwargs)` | ||
- `optimize_greedy(inputs, output, size_dict, **kwargs)` | ||
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The optimal algorithm is an optimized version of the `opt_einsum` 'dp' | ||
path - itself an implementation of https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.6112. | ||
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## Installation | ||
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`cotengrust` is available for most platforms from | ||
[PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/cotengrust/): | ||
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```bash | ||
pip install cotengrust | ||
``` | ||
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or if you want to develop locally (which requires [pyo3](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3) | ||
and [maturin](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin)): | ||
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```bash | ||
git clone https://github.com/jcmgray/cotengrust.git | ||
cd cotengrust | ||
maturin develop --release | ||
``` | ||
(the release flag is very important for assessing performance!). | ||
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## Usage | ||
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If `cotengrust` is installed, then by default `cotengra` will use it for its | ||
greedy and optimal subroutines, notably subtree reconfiguration. You can also | ||
call the routines directly: | ||
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```python | ||
import cotengra as ctg | ||
import cotengrust as ctgr | ||
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# specify an 8x8 square lattice contraction | ||
inputs, output, shapes, size_dict = ctg.utils.lattice_equation([8, 8]) | ||
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# find the optimal 'combo' contraction path | ||
%%time | ||
path = ctgr.optimize_optimal(inputs, output, size_dict, minimize='combo') | ||
# CPU times: user 13.7 s, sys: 83.4 ms, total: 13.7 s | ||
# Wall time: 13.7 s | ||
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# construct a contraction tree for further introspection | ||
tree = ctg.ContractionTree.from_path( | ||
inputs, output, size_dict, path=path | ||
) | ||
tree.plot_rubberband() | ||
``` | ||
![optimal-8x8-order](https://github.com/jcmgray/cotengrust/assets/8982598/f8e18ff2-5ace-4e46-81e1-06bffaef5e45) | ||
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## API | ||
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The optimize functions follow the api of the python implementations in `cotengra.pathfinders.path_basic.py`. | ||
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```python | ||
def optimize_optimal( | ||
inputs, | ||
output, | ||
size_dict, | ||
minimize='flops', | ||
cost_cap=2, | ||
search_outer=False, | ||
simplify=True, | ||
use_ssa=False, | ||
): | ||
"""Find an optimal contraction ordering. | ||
Parameters | ||
---------- | ||
inputs : Sequence[Sequence[str]] | ||
The indices of each input tensor. | ||
output : Sequence[str] | ||
The indices of the output tensor. | ||
size_dict : dict[str, int] | ||
The size of each index. | ||
minimize : str, optional | ||
The cost function to minimize. The options are: | ||
- "flops": minimize with respect to total operation count only | ||
(also known as contraction cost) | ||
- "size": minimize with respect to maximum intermediate size only | ||
(also known as contraction width) | ||
- 'write' : minimize the sum of all tensor sizes, i.e. memory written | ||
- 'combo' or 'combo={factor}` : minimize the sum of | ||
FLOPS + factor * WRITE, with a default factor of 64. | ||
- 'limit' or 'limit={factor}` : minimize the sum of | ||
MAX(FLOPS, alpha * WRITE) for each individual contraction, with a | ||
default factor of 64. | ||
'combo' is generally a good default in term of practical hardware | ||
performance, where both memory bandwidth and compute are limited. | ||
cost_cap : float, optional | ||
The maximum cost of a contraction to initially consider. This acts like | ||
a sieve and is doubled at each iteration until the optimal path can | ||
be found, but supplying an accurate guess can speed up the algorithm. | ||
search_outer : bool, optional | ||
If True, consider outer product contractions. This is much slower but | ||
theoretically might be required to find the true optimal 'flops' | ||
ordering. In practical settings (i.e. with minimize='combo'), outer | ||
products should not be required. | ||
simplify : bool, optional | ||
Whether to perform simplifications before optimizing. These are: | ||
- ignore any indices that appear in all terms | ||
- combine any repeated indices within a single term | ||
- reduce any non-output indices that only appear on a single term | ||
- combine any scalar terms | ||
- combine any tensors with matching indices (hadamard products) | ||
Such simpifications may be required in the general case for the proper | ||
functioning of the core optimization, but may be skipped if the input | ||
indices are already in a simplified form. | ||
use_ssa : bool, optional | ||
Whether to return the contraction path in 'single static assignment' | ||
(SSA) format (i.e. as if each intermediate is appended to the list of | ||
inputs, without removals). This can be quicker and easier to work with | ||
than the 'linear recycled' format that `numpy` and `opt_einsum` use. | ||
Returns | ||
------- | ||
path : list[list[int]] | ||
The contraction path, given as a sequence of pairs of node indices. It | ||
may also have single term contractions if `simplify=True`. | ||
""" | ||
... | ||
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def optimize_greedy( | ||
inputs, | ||
output, | ||
size_dict, | ||
costmod=1.0, | ||
temperature=0.0, | ||
simplify=True, | ||
use_ssa=False, | ||
): | ||
"""Find a contraction path using a (randomizable) greedy algorithm. | ||
Parameters | ||
---------- | ||
inputs : Sequence[Sequence[str]] | ||
The indices of each input tensor. | ||
output : Sequence[str] | ||
The indices of the output tensor. | ||
size_dict : dict[str, int] | ||
A dictionary mapping indices to their dimension. | ||
costmod : float, optional | ||
When assessing local greedy scores how much to weight the size of the | ||
tensors removed compared to the size of the tensor added:: | ||
score = size_ab - costmod * (size_a + size_b) | ||
This can be a useful hyper-parameter to tune. | ||
temperature : float, optional | ||
When asessing local greedy scores, how much to randomly perturb the | ||
score. This is implemented as:: | ||
score -> sign(score) * log(|score|) - temperature * gumbel() | ||
which implements boltzmann sampling. | ||
simplify : bool, optional | ||
Whether to perform simplifications before optimizing. These are: | ||
- ignore any indices that appear in all terms | ||
- combine any repeated indices within a single term | ||
- reduce any non-output indices that only appear on a single term | ||
- combine any scalar terms | ||
- combine any tensors with matching indices (hadamard products) | ||
Such simpifications may be required in the general case for the proper | ||
functioning of the core optimization, but may be skipped if the input | ||
indices are already in a simplified form. | ||
use_ssa : bool, optional | ||
Whether to return the contraction path in 'single static assignment' | ||
(SSA) format (i.e. as if each intermediate is appended to the list of | ||
inputs, without removals). This can be quicker and easier to work with | ||
than the 'linear recycled' format that `numpy` and `opt_einsum` use. | ||
Returns | ||
------- | ||
path : list[list[int]] | ||
The contraction path, given as a sequence of pairs of node indices. It | ||
may also have single term contractions if `simplify=True`. | ||
""" | ||
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def optimize_simplify( | ||
inputs, | ||
output, | ||
size_dict, | ||
use_ssa=False, | ||
): | ||
"""Find the (partial) contracton path for simplifiactions only. | ||
Parameters | ||
---------- | ||
inputs : Sequence[Sequence[str]] | ||
The indices of each input tensor. | ||
output : Sequence[str] | ||
The indices of the output tensor. | ||
size_dict : dict[str, int] | ||
A dictionary mapping indices to their dimension. | ||
use_ssa : bool, optional | ||
Whether to return the contraction path in 'single static assignment' | ||
(SSA) format (i.e. as if each intermediate is appended to the list of | ||
inputs, without removals). This can be quicker and easier to work with | ||
than the 'linear recycled' format that `numpy` and `opt_einsum` use. | ||
Returns | ||
------- | ||
path : list[list[int]] | ||
The contraction path, given as a sequence of pairs of node indices. It | ||
may also have single term contractions. | ||
""" | ||
... | ||
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def ssa_to_linear(ssa_path, n=None): | ||
"""Convert a SSA path to linear format.""" | ||
... | ||
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def find_subgraphs(inputs, output, size_dict,): | ||
"""Find all disconnected subgraphs of a specified contraction.""" | ||
... | ||
``` | ||
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