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✨✨A curated list of latest advances on Foundation Models with Federated Learning

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😎Awesome Foundation Models and Federated Learning🧠➕🌍

This repository is primarily based on our survey paper 📚🔍:

Synergizing Foundation Models and Federated Learning: A Survey
Unlike smaller models, Foundation Models (FMs) 🧠, such as LLMs and VLMs, are built upon vast amounts of training data 📊. While general FMs can use public data, domain-specific FMs require proprietary data for pre-training and fine-tuning, raising privacy concerns 🔒. Federated Learning (FL) 🤝💻, a compelling privacy-preserving approach, enables collaborative learning across distributed datasets while maintaining data privacy🛡️. Synergizing FM and FL 🧠➕🌍 offers a promising way to address data availability and privacy challenges in FM development, potentially revolutionizing large-scale machine learning in sensitive domains.

Taxonomy


🙏If you find this survey useful for your research, please consider citing:

@misc{li2024synergizing,
      title={Synergizing Foundation Models and Federated Learning: A Survey},
      author={Shenghui Li and Fanghua Ye and Meng Fang and Jiaxu Zhao and Yun-Hin Chan and Edith C. -H. Ngai and Thiemo Voigt},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2406.12844},
      archivePrefix={arXiv}
}

Table of Contents

Efficiency

Knowledge Distillation

Title Venue Year GitHub
FedPFT: Federated Proxy Fine-Tuning of Foundation Models IJCAI 2024-08 GitHub Repo stars
FedMKT: Federated Mutual Knowledge Transfer for Large and Small Language Models arXiv 2024-06
Federated Domain-Specific Knowledge Transfer on Large Language Models Using Synthetic Data arXiv 2024-05
FedDAT: An Approach for Foundation Model Finetuning in Multi-Modal Heterogeneous Federated Learning AAAI 2024-03 GitHub Repo stars

Selective Tuning

Title Venue Year GitHub
FedPFT: Federated Proxy Fine-Tuning of Foundation Models IJCAI 2024-08 GitHub Repo stars
FedSelect: Customized Selection of Parameters for Fine-Tuning during Personalized Federated Learning CVPR 2024-06
Federated LoRA with Sparse Communication arXiv 2024-06 GitHub Repo stars
Only Send What You Need: Learning to Communicate Efficiently in Federated Multilingual Machine Translation WWW 2024-05

Additive Tuning

Adapter Tuning

Title Venue Year GitHub
Federated Adaptation for Foundation Model-based Recommendations IJCAI 2024-08 GitHub Repo stars
Adapter-based Selective Knowledge Distillation for Federated Multi-domain Meeting Summarization TASLP 2024-06
Learning Task-Specific Initialization for Effective Federated Continual Fine-Tuning of Foundation Model Adapters IEEE CAI 2024-06
FedDAT: An Approach for Foundation Model Finetuning in Multi-Modal Heterogeneous Federated Learning AAAI 2024-03 GitHub Repo stars
Joint Federated Learning and Personalization for on-Device ASR ASRU 2023-12
Communication Efficient Federated Learning for Multilingual Neural Machine Translation with Adapter ACL 2023-07 GitHub Repo stars
FedCLIP: Fast Generalization and Personalization for CLIP in Federated Learning IEEE DEB 2023-03 GitHub Repo stars

Prompt Tuning

Textual Prompt Tuning
Title Venue Year GitHub
FedBPT: Efficient Federated Black-box Prompt Tuning for Large Language Models ICML 2024-07
Personalized Federated Learning for Text Classification with Gradient-Free Prompt Tuning NAACL 2024-06
Federated Learning of Large Language Models with Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning and Adaptive Optimization EMNLP 2023-12 GitHub Repo stars
Tunable Soft Prompts are Messengers in Federated Learning EMNLP 2023-12 GitHub Repo stars
Efficient Federated Prompt Tuning for Black-box Large Pre-trained Models arXiv 2023-10
FedPrompt: Communication-Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Prompt Tuning in Federated Learning ICASSP 2023-05
Visual Prompt Tuning
Title Venue Year GitHub
Unlocking the Potential of Prompt-Tuning in Bridging Generalized and Personalized Federated Learning CVPR 2024-06 GitHub Repo stars
Visual Prompt Based Personalized Federated Learning TMLR 2024-02 GitHub Repo stars
Efficient Model Personalization in Federated Learning via Client-Specific Prompt Generation ICCV 2023-10
Learning Federated Visual Prompt in Null Space for MRI Reconstruction CVPR 2023-06 GitHub Repo stars
Textual-Visual Prompt Tuning
Title Venue Year GitHub
DiPrompT: Disentangled Prompt Tuning for Multiple Latent Domain Generalization in Federated Learning CVPR 2024-06
Global and Local Prompts Cooperation via Optimal Transport for Federated Learning CVPR 2024-06 GitHub Repo stars
Federated Text-driven Prompt Generation for Vision-Language Models ICLR 2024-05
Federated Adaptive Prompt Tuning for Multi-Domain Collaborative Learning AAAI 2024-03 GitHub Repo stars
Dual Prompt Tuning for Domain-Aware Federated Learning arXiv 2023-10
PromptFL: Let Federated Participants Cooperatively Learn Prompts Instead of Models - Federated Learning in Age of Foundation Model TMC 2023-08

Reparameterization-Based

Title Venue Year GitHub
Heterogeneous LoRA for Federated Fine-tuning of On-Device Foundation Models" EMNLP 2024-11
FedRA: A Random Allocation Strategy for Federated Tuning to Unleash the Power of Heterogeneous Clients ECCV 2024-10 GitHub Repo stars
Fed-piLot: Optimizing LoRA Assignment for Efficient Federated Foundation Model Fine-Tuning arXiv 2024-10
FedBiOT: LLM Local Fine-tuning in Federated Learning without Full Model KDD 2024-08 GitHub Repo stars
Federated LoRA with Sparse Communication arXiv 2024-06 GitHub Repo stars
Promoting Data and Model Privacy in Federated Learning through Quantized LoRA arXiv 2024-06
Improving LoRA in Privacy-preserving Federated Learning ICLR 2024-05
FL-TAC: Enhanced Fine-Tuning in Federated Learning via Low-Rank, Task-Specific Adapter Clustering LLMAgents@ICLR 2024-05
FedHLT: Efficient Federated Low-Rank Adaption with Hierarchical Language Tree for Multilingual Modeling WWW 2024-05
FLoRA: Enhancing Vision-Language Models with Parameter-Efficient Federated Learning arXiv 2024-04
Towards Building The Federatedgpt: Federated Instruction Tuning ICASSP 2024-03 GitHub Repo stars
Communication-Efficient Personalized Federated Learning for Speech-to-Text Tasks ICASSP 2024-03
Dual-Personalizing Adapter for Federated Foundation Models arXiv 2024-03
Federated Fine-tuning of Large Language Models under Heterogeneous Language Tasks and Client Resources arXiv 2024-02 GitHub Repo stars
SLoRA: Federated Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning of Language Models FL@FM-NeurIPS 2023-12
FedMS: Federated Learning with Mixture of Sparsely Activated Foundations Models arXiv 2023-12
Differentially Private Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Model Using Federated Learning arXiv 2023-12
pFedLoRA: Model-Heterogeneous Personalized Federated Learning with LoRA Tuning arXiv 2023-10
Low-Parameter Federated Learning with Large Language Models arXiv 2023-07

Heterogeneous Resource

Lora

Title Venue Year GitHub
Heterogeneous LoRA for Federated Fine-tuning of On-Device Foundation Models" EMNLP 2024-11
FedRA: A Random Allocation Strategy for Federated Tuning to Unleash the Power of Heterogeneous Clients ECCV 2024-10 GitHub Repo stars
Fed-piLot: Optimizing LoRA Assignment for Efficient Federated Foundation Model Fine-Tuning arXiv 2024-10
Federated Fine-tuning of Large Language Models under Heterogeneous Language Tasks and Client Resources arXiv 2024-02 GitHub Repo stars
pFedLoRA: Model-Heterogeneous Personalized Federated Learning with LoRA Tuning arXiv 2023-10

Split Learning

Title Venue Year GitHub
Enhancing Storage and Computational Efficiency in Federated Multimodal Learning for Large-Scale Models ICML 2024-07 GitHub Repo stars
Safely Learning with Private Data: A Federated Learning Framework for Large Language Model arXiv 2024-06
Heterogeneous Federated Learning with Splited Language Model arXiv 2024-03
Privacy-Preserving Split Learning for Large-Scaled Vision Pre-Training TIFS 2023-02
Federated Split BERT for Heterogeneous Text Classification IJCNN 2022

Sparsification

Title Venue Year GitHub
Federated LoRA with Sparse Communication arXiv 2024-06 GitHub Repo stars
Save It All: Enabling Full Parameter Tuning for Federated Large Language Models via Cycle Block Gradient Descent, arXiv 2024-06 GitHub Repo stars
Promoting Data and Model Privacy in Federated Learning through Quantized LoRA arXiv 2024-06
Only Send What You Need: Learning to Communicate Efficiently in Federated Multilingual Machine Translation WWW 2024-05
SLoRA: Federated Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning of Language Models FL@FM-NeurIPS 2023-12

Zeroth-Order Optimization

Title Venue Year GitHub
On the Convergence of Zeroth-Order Federated Tuning for Large Language Models KDD 2024-08 GitHub Repo stars
Federated Full-Parameter Tuning of Billion-Sized Language Models with Communication Cost under 18 Kilobytes ICML 2024-07 GitHub Repo stars
FedBPT: Efficient Federated Black-box Prompt Tuning for Large Language Models ICML 2024-07
FwdLLM: Efficient Federated Finetuning of Large Language Models with Perturbed Inferences ATC 2024-07 GitHub Repo stars
Personalized Federated Learning for Text Classification with Gradient-Free Prompt Tuning NAACL 2024-06
ZooPFL: Exploring Black-box Foundation Models for Personalized Federated Learning arXiv 2023-10
Efficient Federated Prompt Tuning for Black-box Large Pre-trained Models arXiv 2023-10

Adaptability

Domain-Centric Adaptation

Multi-Domain Adaptation

Title Venue Year GitHub
Adapter-based Selective Knowledge Distillation for Federated Multi-domain Meeting Summarization TASLP 2024-06
DiPrompT: Disentangled Prompt Tuning for Multiple Latent Domain Generalization in Federated Learning CVPR 2024-06
Federated Adaptive Prompt Tuning for Multi-Domain Collaborative Learning AAAI 2024-03 GitHub Repo stars

Client-Centric Adaptation

Title Venue Year GitHub
On the Client Preference of LLM Fine-tuning in Federated Learning arXiv 2024-07
FedSelect: Customized Selection of Parameters for Fine-Tuning during Personalized Federated Learning CVPR 2024-06
FedCLIP: Fast Generalization and Personalization for CLIP in Federated Learning IEEE DEB 2023-03 GitHub Repo stars

Trustworthiness

IP Protection

Black-Box Tuning

Title Venue Year GitHub
FedBPT: Efficient Federated Black-box Prompt Tuning for Large Language Models ICML 2024-07
Personalized Federated Learning for Text Classification with Gradient-Free Prompt Tuning NAACL 2024-06
ZooPFL: Exploring Black-box Foundation Models for Personalized Federated Learning arXiv 2023-10
Efficient Federated Prompt Tuning for Black-box Large Pre-trained Models arXiv 2023-10

Privacy Preservation

Privacy Attack

Title Venue Year GitHub
Analysis of Privacy Leakage in Federated Large Language Models AISTATS 2024-05 GitHub Repo stars
Recovering Private Text in Federated Learning of Language Models NeurIPS 2022-11 GitHub Repo stars

Privacy-Preserving Techniques

Title Venue Year GitHub
Promoting Data and Model Privacy in Federated Learning through Quantized LoRA arXiv 2024-06
Improving LoRA in Privacy-preserving Federated Learning ICLR 2024-05
Differentially Private Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Model Using Federated Learning arXiv 2023-12
Federated Learning of Gboard Language Models with Differential Privacy ACL 2023-07

Attack Robustness

Poisoning Attack

Title Venue Year GitHub
PEFT-as-an-Attack! Jailbreaking Language Models during Federated Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning arXiv 2024-11
Securing Federated Learning Against Novel and Classic Backdoor Threats During Foundation Model Integration arXiv 2024-10
Emerging Safety Attack and Defense in Federated Instruction Tuning of Large Language Models arXiv 2024-06
Unveiling Backdoor Risks Brought by Foundation Models in Heterogeneous Federated Learning PAKDD 2024-04 GitHub Repo stars
Backdoor Threats from Compromised Foundation Models to Federated Learning FL@FM-NeurIPS 2023-10

Application

Multilingualism

Title Venue Year GitHub
Generalizable Multilingual Hate Speech Detection on Low Resource Indian Languages using Fair Selection in Federated Learning NAACL 2024-06
Breaking Physical and Linguistic Borders: Multilingual Federated Prompt Tuning for Low-Resource Languages ICLR 2024-05 GitHub Repo stars
Only Send What You Need: Learning to Communicate Efficiently in Federated Multilingual Machine Translation WWW 2024-05
FedHLT: Efficient Federated Low-Rank Adaption with Hierarchical Language Tree for Multilingual Modeling WWW 2024-05
Communication Efficient Federated Learning for Multilingual Neural Machine Translation with Adapter ACL 2023-07 GitHub Repo stars
Federated Multilingual Models for Medical Transcript Analysis CHIL 2023-06
Pretrained Models for Multilingual Federated Learning NAACL 2022-07 GitHub Repo stars
FedKC: Federated Knowledge Composition for Multilingual Natural Language Understanding WWW 2022-04

Speech

Title Venue Year GitHub
Communication-Efficient Personalized Federated Learning for Speech-to-Text Tasks ICASSP 2024-03
Joint Federated Learning and Personalization for on-Device ASR ASRU 2023-12
Importance of Smoothness Induced by Optimizers in Fl4Asr: Towards Understanding Federated Learning for End-To-End ASR ASRU 2023-12
Federated Learning for Speech Recognition: Revisiting Current Trends Towards Large-Scale ASR FL@FM-NeurIPS 2023-12

Recommendation Systems

Title Venue Year GitHub
Federated Adaptation for Foundation Model-based Recommendations IJCAI 2024-08 GitHub Repo stars
Navigating the Future of Federated Recommendation Systems with Foundation Models arXiv 2024-06
Prompt-enhanced Federated Content Representation Learning for Cross-domain Recommendation WWW 2024-05 GitHub Repo stars
Federated Recommendation via Hybrid Retrieval Augmented Generation arXiv 2024-03 GitHub Repo stars
LLM-based Federated Recommendation arXiv 2024-02
TransFR: Transferable Federated Recommendation with Pre-trained Language Models arXiv 2024-02

Domain Specific

Title Venue Year GitHub
Federated Prompt Learning for Weather Foundation Models on Devices IJCAI 2024-08 GitHub Repo stars
Foundation models matter: federated learning for multi-center tuberculosis diagnosis via adaptive regularization and model-contrastive learning WWW 2024-05
FedFMS: Exploring Federated Foundation Models for Medical Image Segmentation MICCAI 2024 GitHub Repo stars
Prompt Federated Learning for Weather Forecasting: Toward Foundation Models on Meteorological Data IJCAI 2023-8
FedTherapist: Mental Health Monitoring with User-Generated Linguistic Expressions on Smartphones via Federated Learning EMNLP 2023-12
FedJudge: Federated Legal Large Language Model arXiv 2023-09 GitHub Repo stars
FEDLEGAL: The First Real-World Federated Learning Benchmark for Legal NLP ACL 2023-07 GitHub Repo stars
Learning Federated Visual Prompt in Null Space for MRI Reconstruction CVPR 2023-06 GitHub Repo stars
Federated Multilingual Models for Medical Transcript Analysis CHIL 2023-06

Resources

Surveys

Title Venue Year GitHub
A Survey on Efficient Federated Learning Methods for Foundation Model Training IJCAI 2024-08
Federated Foundation Models: Privacy-Preserving and Collaborative Learning for Large Models LREC-COLING 2024-05
Advances and Open Challenges in Federated Learning with Foundation Models arXiv 2024-04
The Role of Federated Learning in a Wireless World with Foundation Models IEEE WC 2024
When foundation model meets federated learning: Motivations, challenges, and future directions arXiv 2023-06

Frameworks

Title Venue Year GitHub Developed by
FederatedScope: A Flexible Federated Learning Platform for Heterogeneity VLDB 2023-09 GitHub Repo stars GitHub Repo stars
FedLab: A Flexible Federated Learning Framework JMLR 2023-01 GitHub Repo stars GitHub Repo stars
OpenFL: the open federated learning library PMB 2022-10 GitHub Repo stars GitHub Repo stars
NVIDIA FLARE: Federated Learning from Simulation to Real-World FL@NeurIPS 2022-07 GitHub Repo stars GitHub Repo stars
FedScale: Benchmarking Model and System Performance of Federated Learning at Scale ICML 2022-07 GitHub Repo stars GitHub Repo stars
Scalable federated machine learning with FEDn CCGrid 2022-05 GitHub Repo stars GitHub Repo stars
FLUTE: A Scalable Extensible Framework for High-Performance Federated Learning Simulations FL@NeurIPS 2022-03 GitHub Repo stars GitHub Repo stars
FATE: An Industrial Grade Platform for Collaborative Learning With Data Protection JMLR 2021-08 GitHub Repo stars GitHub Repo stars
Pysyft: A library for easy federated learning FLS 2021-06 GitHub Repo stars GitHub Repo stars
Flower: A friendly federated learning research framework Arxiv 2020-07 GitHub Repo stars GitHub Repo stars
FedML: A Research Library and Benchmark for Federated Machine Learning SpicyFL 2020-07 GitHub Repo stars GitHub Repo stars

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