SCP Command to Transfer Files

🚀 SCP for GitHub Actions

GitHub Action for copying files and artifacts via SSH.

Important: Only supports Linux docker containers.

Usage

Copy files and artifacts via SSH:

name: scp files
on: [push]
jobs:
  build:
    name: Build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: copy file via ssh password
        uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
        with:
          host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
          username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
          port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
          source: "tests/a.txt,tests/b.txt"
          target: your_server_target_folder_path

Input variables

See the action.yml file for more detail information.

Variable	Description	Default Value
host	SCP remote host	-
port	SCP remote port	`22`
username	SCP username	-
password	SCP password	-
passphrase	The passphrase is usually used to encrypt the private key	-
protocol	The IP protocol to use. Valid values are `tcp`, `tcp4`, or `tcp6`.	`tcp`
fingerprint	Fingerprint SHA256 of the host public key. Default is to skip verification	-
timeout	Timeout for SSH to remote host	`30s`
command_timeout	Timeout for SCP command	`10m`
key	Content of SSH private key. e.g., raw content of ~/.ssh/id_rsa	-
key_path	Path of SSH private key	-
target	Target path on the server, must be a directory (required)	-
source	SCP file list (required)	-
rm	Remove target folder before uploading data	`false`
strip_components	Remove the specified number of leading path elements	-
overwrite	Use `--overwrite` flag with tar, overwrite existing files when extracting	-
tar_tmp_path	Temporary path for tar file on the destination host	-
tar_exec	Path to tar executable on the destination host	`tar`
tar_dereference	Use `--dereference` flag with tar, follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they point to	-
use_insecure_cipher	Include more ciphers with use_insecure_cipher (see #15)	-

SSH Proxy Setting:

Variable	Description	Default Value
proxy_host	Proxy host	-
proxy_port	Proxy port	`22`
proxy_username	Proxy username	-
proxy_password	Proxy password	-
proxy_protocol	The IP protocol to use. Valid values are `tcp`, `tcp4`, or `tcp6`.	`tcp`
proxy_passphrase	The passphrase is usually used to encrypt the private key	-
proxy_timeout	Timeout for SSH to proxy host	`30s`
proxy_key	Content of SSH proxy private key	-
proxy_key_path	Path of SSH proxy private key	-
proxy_fingerprint	Fingerprint SHA256 of the host public key. Default is to skip verification	-
proxy_use_insecure_cipher	Include more ciphers with use_insecure_cipher (see #15)	-

Setting up a SSH Key

Make sure to follow the steps below when creating and using SSH keys. The best practice is to create the SSH keys on the local machine, not the remote machine. Log in with the username specified in GitHub Secrets and generate an RSA key pair:

# rsa
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"

# ed25519
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C "your_email@example.com"

Add newly generated key into Authorized keys. Read more about authorized keys here.

# rsa
cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh b@B 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'

# d25519
cat .ssh/id_ed25519.pub | ssh b@B 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'

Copy Private Key content and paste in Github Secrets.

# rsa
clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa

# ed25519
clip < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

See the detail information about SSH login without password.

A note from one of our readers: Depending on your version of SSH you might also have to do the following changes:

Put the public key in .ssh/authorized_keys2
Change the permissions of .ssh to 700
Change the permissions of .ssh/authorized_keys2 to 640

If you are using OpenSSH

If you are currently using OpenSSH and are getting the following error:

ssh: handshake failed: ssh: unable to authenticate, attempted methods [none publickey]

Make sure that your key algorithm of choice is supported. On Ubuntu 20.04 or later you must explicitly allow the use of the ssh-rsa algorithm. Add the following line to your OpenSSH daemon file (which is either /etc/ssh/sshd_config or a drop-in file under /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/):

CASignatureAlgorithms +ssh-rsa

Alternatively, ed25519 keys are accepted by default in OpenSSH. You could use this instead of rsa if needed:

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C "your_email@example.com"

Example

Copy file via a SSH password:

- name: copy file via ssh password
  uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
  with:
    host: example.com
    username: foo
    password: bar
    port: 22
    source: "tests/a.txt,tests/b.txt"
    target: your_server_target_folder_path

Using the environment variables

- name: copy file via ssh password
  uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
  with:
    host: ${{ env.HOST }}
    username: ${{ env.USERNAME }}
    password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
    port: ${{ env.PORT }}
    source: "tests/a.txt,tests/b.txt"
    target: ${{ env.TARGET_PATH }}

Copy file via a SSH key:

- name: copy file via ssh key
  uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
  with:
    host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
    username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
    port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
    key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
    source: "tests/a.txt,tests/b.txt"
    target: your_server_target_folder_path

Example configuration for ignore list:

- name: copy file via ssh key
  uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
  with:
    host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
    username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
    port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
    key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
    source: "tests/*.txt,!tests/a.txt"
    target: your_server_target_folder_path

Example configuration for multiple servers:

  uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
  with:
-   host: "example.com"
+   host: "foo.com,bar.com"
    username: foo
    password: bar
    port: 22
    source: "tests/a.txt,tests/b.txt"
    target: your_server_target_folder_path

Example configuration for exclude custom files:

  uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
  with:
    host: "example.com"
    username: foo
    password: bar
    port: 22
-   source: "tests/*.txt"
+   source: "tests/*.txt,!tests/a.txt,!tests/b.txt"
    target: your_server_target_folder_path

Upload artifact files to remote server:

deploy:
  name: deploy artifact
  runs-on: ubuntu-latest
  steps:
    - name: checkout
      uses: actions/checkout@v4

    - run: echo hello > world.txt

    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: my-artifact
        path: world.txt

    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: my-artifact
        path: distfiles

    - name: copy file to server
      uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
      with:
        host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
        username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
        key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
        port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
        source: distfiles/*
        target: your_server_target_folder_path

Remove the specified number of leading path elements:

- name: remove the specified number of leading path elements
  uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
  with:
    host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
    username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
    key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
    port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
    source: "tests/a.txt,tests/b.txt"
    target: your_server_target_folder_path
    strip_components: 1

Old target structure:

foobar
  └── tests
    ├── a.txt
    └── b.txt

New target structure:

foobar
  ├── a.txt
  └── b.txt

Only copy files that are newer than the corresponding destination files:

changes:
  name: test changed-files
  runs-on: ubuntu-latest
  steps:
    - name: checkout
      uses: actions/checkout@v4

    - name: Get changed files
      id: changed-files
      uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v35
      with:
        since_last_remote_commit: true
        separator: ","

    - name: copy file to server
      uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
      with:
        host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
        username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
        key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
        port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
        source: ${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.all_changed_files }}
        target: your_server_target_folder_path

Protecting a Private Key. The purpose of the passphrase is usually to encrypt the private key. This makes the key file by itself useless to an attacker. It is not uncommon for files to leak from backups or decommissioned hardware, and hackers commonly exfiltrate files from compromised systems.

  - name: ssh key with passphrase
    uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
    with:
      host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
      username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
      key: ${{ secrets.SSH2 }}
+     passphrase: ${{ secrets.PASSPHRASE }}
      port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
      source: "tests/a.txt,tests/b.txt"
      target: your_server_target_folder_path

When copying files from a Linux runner to a Windows server, you should:

Download git for Windows
Change the default OpenSSH shell to git bach with the following powershell command.
Set tar_dereference and rm variable to true in the YAML file
Avoid putting the port value through a variable
Convert the target path to a Unix path: /c/path/to/target/

Change the default OpenSSH shell to git bach with the following powershell command.

New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\OpenSSH" -Name DefaultShell -Value "$env:Programfiles\Git\bin\bash.exe" -PropertyType String -Force

Convert the target path to a Unix path: /c/path/to/target/

  - name: Copy to Windows
      uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
      with:
        host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
        username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
        key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
        port: 22
        source: 'your_source_path'
-       target: 'C:\path\to\target'
+       target: '/c/path/to/target/'
+       tar_dereference: true
+       rm: true

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SCP Command to Transfer Files