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Reduce Poseidon hash rounds, following 2019/458. #14

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Commits on Feb 9, 2020

  1. Reduce Poseidon hash rounds, following 2019/458.

    This commit reduces the number of rounds in the Poseidon hash function
    in two ways:
    
       * It correctly interprets the `R_F` parameter as the **total** number
         of full rounds.
          * The previous implementation incorrectly interpretted the `R_F`
            parameter as the number of full rounds **on each side**. That is
            actually the `R_f` parameter.
          * Relevant citation: 2019/458, page 6, paragraph 3.
       * It sets the number of partial rounds to 57, as is reccomended for
         x^5-Poseidon
          * The previous value, 84, is the reccomended number of partial
            rounds for x^3-Poseidon.
          * Relevant citation: 2019/458, table 3, row 3.
    
    Note that before this commit, the Poseidon implementation **was not
    vulnerable, to the best of our knowledge**. While the implementation
    appears to have made two mistakes, it made these mistakes in a way that
    improved, not reduced, the security.
    alex-ozdemir committed Feb 9, 2020
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