feat: Add optional filtered node IP address config

[jimmidyson]

This can be used to e.g. filter out CP endpoint IPs as used by
kube-vip. Without this there is the potential to assign the
kube-vip IP to the node address, leading to cluster networking
failures, as see when testing with DHCP subnets on Nutanix.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 85.71429% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 82.27%. Comparing base (747d79e) to head (d30ef9e).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
pkg/provider/manager.go	85.71%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #187      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   82.17%   82.27%   +0.09%     
==========================================
  Files           8        8              
  Lines         359      361       +2     
==========================================
+ Hits          295      297       +2     
  Misses         64       64              

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