[CUDA] Implement urMemImageGetInfo

[fabiomestre]

Adds support for the urMemImageGetInfo entrypoint.

To be able to match the new style for aborts and error codes used in #1127, I also cherry-picked the UR_RETURN_ON_FAILURE macro from that PR.

intel/llvm: intel/llvm#12287

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (fb83446) 15.72% compared to head (7ab3635) 15.46%.
Report is 169 commits behind head on main.

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Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1213      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   15.72%   15.46%   -0.27%     
==========================================
  Files         223      238      +15     
  Lines       31475    33883    +2408     
  Branches     3557     3747     +190     
==========================================
+ Hits         4951     5239     +288     
- Misses      26473    28593    +2120     
  Partials       51       51              

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[GeorgeWeb]

adapter LGTM!