Add community guidelines (#205)

* Add a code_of_conduct based on covenant

* Add changelog entry

* minor WIP

* Add contributing guidelines

* update changelog

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Benjamin Uekermann <benjamin.uekermann@ipvs.uni-stuttgart.de>

---------

Co-authored-by: Benjamin Uekermann <benjamin.uekermann@ipvs.uni-stuttgart.de>

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

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+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+<!-- markdownlint-configure-file {"MD034": false } -->
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
+community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
+size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
+identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status,
+nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity
+and orientation.
+
+We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
+diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
+community include:
+
+* Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
+* Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
+* Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
+* Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes,
+ and learning from the experience
+* Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the
+ overall community
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
+
+* The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or
+ advances of any kind
+* Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+* Public or private harassment
+* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email
+ address, without their explicit permission
+* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
+ professional setting
+
+## Enforcement Responsibilities
+
+Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
+acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in
+response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive,
+or harmful.
+
+Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
+comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
+not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation
+decisions when appropriate.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
+an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
+Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address,
+posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
+representative at an online or offline event.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
+reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
+info at precice.org.
+All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
+
+All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
+reporter of any incident.
+
+## Enforcement Guidelines
+
+Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
+the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
+
+### 1. Correction
+
+**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
+unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
+
+**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
+clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the
+behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
+
+### 2. Warning
+
+**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series
+of actions.
+
+**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
+interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
+those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
+includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
+like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or
+permanent ban.
+
+### 3. Temporary Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
+sustained inappropriate behavior.
+
+**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
+communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
+private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
+with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
+Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
+
+### 4. Permanent Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
+standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an
+individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
+
+**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within
+the community.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
+version 2.0, available at
+https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/0/code_of_conduct.html.
+
+Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by [Mozilla's code of conduct
+enforcement ladder](https://github.com/mozilla/diversity).
+
+[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
+
+For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
+https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq. Translations are available at
+https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations.

changelog-entries/205.md

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+- Added a code of conduct from Covenant (see `CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md`).
+- Added contributing guidelines (see `docs/CONTRIBUTING.md`).

docs/CONTRIBUTING.md

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+# Contributing to ASTE
+
+**Thank you for considering contributing to our project! We welcome contributions of all kinds.**
+
+The documentation of ASTE is rendered on [the preCICE website](https://precice.org/tooling-aste.html) and hosted in this repository under `./docs/README.md`.
+
+## Reporting Bugs
+
+- Ensure the bug is not already reported by searching [in our GitHub issues](https://github.com/precice/aste/issues).
+- Use a clear and descriptive title.
+- Provide details on how to reproduce the specific bug.
+
+## Submitting Pull Requests
+
+See the [contribute to preCICE page](https://precice.org/community-contribute-to-precice.html) for general guidelines.
+
+### Testing
+
+ASTE uses [`CMake`](https://cmake.org/) as build system. Code changes can be tested using the command `ctest`, which is also run by a GitHub Action workflow. It executes unit tests located in `./tests/` and integration tests located in `./examples/`. Add tests for new features in your pull request. For unit tests, have a look at `./tests/read_test.cpp` as an example. To add an integration test, add a new directory in `./examples/<feature>` and include a `run.sh` script and a `clean.sh` script. For an integration test example, have a look at `./examples/nn`.
+
+### Changelog
+
+We curate a `CHANGELOG.md` file, which tracks notable changes of this project across releases. Add a changelog entry when contributing. However, instead of directly editing `CHANGELOG.md`, please add a file `123.md` in `changelog-entries`, where `123` is your pull request number. This helps reducing merge conflicts. We collect these files before releasing.
+
+### Code formatting
+
+Similar to [preCICE](https://precice.org/dev-docs-dev-tooling.html#setting-up-pre-commit), we use pre-commit to ensure consistent formatting of source code and documentation files. Under the hood, pre-commit uses clang-format and black as formatters. Install [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/) and then call `pre-commit install` at the root of this repository to setup the automation.
+
+## Contact
+
+For questions, reach out through the [preCICE community channels](https://precice.org/community-channels.html).