The Caliper Analytics® Specification provides a structured approach to describing, collecting and exchanging learning activity data at scale. Caliper also defines an application programming interface (the Sensor API™) for marshalling and transmitting event data from instrumented applications to target endpoints for storage, analysis and use.
caliper-python is a reference implementation of the Sensor API™ written in Python.
master: stable, deployable branch that stores the official release history. develop: unstable development branch. Current work that targets a future release is merged to this branch.
caliper-python releases are tagged and versioned MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH[-label] (e.g., 1.1.0). Pre-release tags are identified with an extensions label (e.g., "1.2.0-RC01"). The tags are stored in this repository.
We welcome the posting of issues by non IMS Global Learning Consortium members (e.g., feature requests, bug reports, questions, etc.) but we do not accept contributions in the form of pull requests from non-members. See CONTRIBUTING.md for more information.
To effectively use this imsglobal_caliper bundle, you will need to have Python, pip, and setuptools installed. This package also depends on several third-party packages:
- aniso8601 -- (3-clause BSD licensed)
- future -- (MIT licensed)
- requests -- (Apache 2 licensed)
- rfc3986 -- (Apache 2 licensed)
To work with the imsglobal_caliper bundle (maintain, use, run tests) you'll need to have these third-party packages in your local Python environment.
We developed imsglobal_caliper primarily using the Python 3.6+ platform; however, we've taken steps to make it portably usbale with Python 2.7 as well (using the future package). Changes to the code base should ensure the tests run clean under Python 3.6 and 2.7.
We built imsglobal_caliper to be packagable for loading from PyPi, or direct from a source bundle, with pip.
If it's on PyPi, you can simply install it into your site-packages with:
pip install imsglobal_caliper
If you want to install it from a source bundle, then use these steps (note that the name of the repository on GitHub is different to the distribution package name):
Clone the repository from GitHub onto your local machine.
Use pip to install the package as a writable source bundle; there's no need to do a package build step ahead of time:
pip install -e caliper-python-public
All the imsglobal_caliper code you would use to build and use a caliper sensor in your application you can find in the caliper main module.
Testing. When you work with the source bundle, we include tests in the tests directory. The tests use the tox test runner, so you will need that in your environment. In general, whenever you might make changes to code in caliper, you should run the fixture tests. From the source repo's top-level directory, use tox to run all the tests on both Python 2.7 and Python 3.6.
Before you can run the tests, you will also need a copy of the Caliper fixtures (see below).
Fixtures. The test suites are principally designed to test against the canonical common JSON fixtures. To set up your tests, you should clone the Caliper common fixtures repository repository into the tests/fixtures directory, and pull changes there.
Ideally, if you make changes to imsglobal_caliper you should ensure that your changes will test well against the fixtures from the main common fixtures repository. When IMS makes updates to the imsglobal_caliper repository, it ensures that the updates do test well against the common fixtures repository.
We made imsglobal_caliper with a lean integration layer for your application. To use the package, your application needs only:
import caliper
Your application will need awareness of these parts of the package:
- The caliper.HttpOptions class (for use with simple HTTP transport to a Caliper endpoint).
- The caliper.Sensor class and its API.
- The appropriate caliper.profiles metric profile enumeration classes that contain the metric profile actions you want to support.
- The Event and Entity subclasses (found in caliper.events and caliper.entities, respectively) that you will need to use for the metric profile actions you want to support.
Here is a very simple example code scrap that demonstrates how an application might send a basic navigation event to a caliper endpoint:
import caliper
the_config = caliper.HttpOptions(
host='http://caliper-endpoint.your-school.edu/events/',
auth_scheme='Bearer',
api_key='your-caliper-API-key' )
# Here you build your sensor; it will have one client in its registry,
# with the key 'default'.
the_sensor = caliper.build_sensor_from_config(
sensor_id = 'http://learning-app.your-school.edu/sensor',
config_options = the_config )
# Here, you will have caliper entity representations of the various
# learning objects and entities in your wider system, and you provide
# them into the constructor for the event that has just happened.
#
# Note that you don't have to pass an action into the constructor because
# the NavigationEvent only supports one action, part of the
# Caliper base profile: caliper.constants.BASE_PROFILE_ACTIONS['NAVIGATED_TO']
#
the_event = caliper.events.NavigationEvent(
actor = the_user_currently_acting_as_caliper_Actor_entity,
edApp = your_application_as_caliper_SoftwareApplication_entity,
group = the_course_offering_in_play_as_caliper_Organization_entity,
event_object = the_caliper_DigitalResource_the_actor_is_using,
referrer = the_caliper_DigitalResource_the_actor_came_from,
target = the_caliper_DigitalResource_the_actor_is_going_to,
eventTime = the_time_when_the_actor_did_the_action )
# Once built, you can use your sensor to describe one or more often used
# entities; suppose for example, you'll be sending a number of events
# that all have the same actor
ret = the_sensor.describe(the_event.actor)
# The return structure from the sensor will be a dictionary of lists: each
# item in the dictionary has a key corresponding to a client key,
# so ret['default'] fetches back the list of URIs of all the @ids of
# the fully described Caliper objects you have sent with that describe call.
#
# Now you can use this list with event sendings to send only the identifiers
# of already-described entities, and not their full forms:
the_sensor.send(the_event, described_objects=ret['default'])
# You can also just send the event in its full form, with all fleshed out
# entities:
the_sensor.send(the_event)
Your actual use of the caliper code will certainly be more complex than this. For assistance getting from this very simple example through to more complex and realistic code-use, we encourage you to look at the unit tests in the package, and the common fixtures they test against.
This project is licensed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 3. See the LICENSE file for details. For additional information on licensing options for IMS members, please see the NOTICE file.
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