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Open5GS 5GC & UERANSIM UE / RAN Sample Configuration - Select nearby UPF according to the connected gNodeB

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Open5GS 5GC & UERANSIM UE / RAN Sample Configuration - Select nearby UPF according to the connected gNodeB

This describes a very simple configuration that uses Open5GS and UERANSIM to select the nearby UPF according to the connected gNodeB.

Sample Configurations and Miscellaneous for Mobile Network

Table of Contents

Overview of Open5GS 5GC Simulation Mobile Network

The following minimum configuration was set as a condition.

  • The pair of gNodeB and UPF exists in the same location.
  • The UE connected to gNodeB connects to DN managed by UPF in the same location.

In this example, TAC is matched to connect gNodeB and AMF, and AMF searches for SMF using TAC as part of the TAI parameter.

The built simulation environment is as follows.

The 5GC / UE / RAN used are as follows.

Each VMs are as follows.

VM # SW & Role IP address OS Memory (Min) HDD (Min)
VM1 Open5GS 5GC C-Plane 192.168.0.111/24
192.168.0.112/24
192.168.0.113/24		 Ubuntu 22.04 2GB 20GB
VM2 Open5GS 5GC U-Plane1 192.168.0.114/24 Ubuntu 22.04 1GB 20GB
VM3 Open5GS 5GC U-Plane2 192.168.0.115/24 Ubuntu 22.04 1GB 20GB
VM4 UERANSIM RAN (gNodeB1) 192.168.0.131/24 Ubuntu 22.04 1GB 10GB
VM5 UERANSIM RAN (gNodeB2) 192.168.0.132/24 Ubuntu 22.04 1GB 10GB
VM6 UERANSIM UE 192.168.0.133/24 Ubuntu 22.04 1GB 10GB

AMF & SMF addresses are as follows.

NF IP address IP address on SBI Supported TACs
AMF 192.168.0.111 127.0.0.5 1, 2
SMF1 192.168.0.112 127.0.0.4 1
SMF2 192.168.0.113 127.0.0.24 2

gNodeB Information (other information is default) is as follows.

gNodeB # Location # TAC # IP address
gNodeB1 Loc1 1 192.168.0.131
gNodeB2 Loc2 2 192.168.0.132

Subscriber Information (other information is default) is as follows.
Note. Please select OP or OPc according to the setting of UERANSIM UE configuration files.

UE IMSI DNN OP/OPc gNodeB #
UE 001010000000000 internet OPc gNodeB1 in Loc1
gNodeB2 in Loc2

I registered these information with the Open5GS WebUI. In addition, 3GPP TS 35.208 "4.3 Test Sets" is published by 3GPP as test data for the 3GPP authentication and key generation functions (MILENAGE).

Each DNs are as follows.

DN Location # TUNnel interface of DN DNN TUNnel interface of UE U-Plane #
10.45.0.0/16 Loc1 ogstun internet uesimtun0 U-Plane1
10.46.0.0/16 Loc2 ogstun internet uesimtun0 U-Plane2

Changes in configuration files of Open5GS 5GC and UERANSIM UE / RAN

Please refer to the following for building Open5GS and UERANSIM respectively.

Changes in configuration files of Open5GS 5GC C-Plane

  • open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/amf.yaml
--- amf.yaml.orig       2024-03-24 15:36:48.000000000 +0900
+++ amf.yaml    2024-03-26 19:35:02.342023479 +0900
@@ -19,27 +19,27 @@
         - uri: http://127.0.0.200:7777
   ngap:
     server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.5
+      - address: 192.168.0.111
   metrics:
     server:
       - address: 127.0.0.5
         port: 9090
   guami:
     - plmn_id:
-        mcc: 999
-        mnc: 70
+        mcc: 001
+        mnc: 01
       amf_id:
         region: 2
         set: 1
   tai:
     - plmn_id:
-        mcc: 999
-        mnc: 70
-      tac: 1
+        mcc: 001
+        mnc: 01
+      tac: [1, 2]
   plmn_support:
     - plmn_id:
-        mcc: 999
-        mnc: 70
+        mcc: 001
+        mnc: 01
       s_nssai:
         - sst: 1
   security:
  • open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/nrf.yaml
--- nrf.yaml.orig       2024-03-24 15:36:48.000000000 +0900
+++ nrf.yaml    2024-03-25 19:46:56.184797762 +0900
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 nrf:
   serving:  # 5G roaming requires PLMN in NRF
     - plmn_id:
-        mcc: 999
-        mnc: 70
+        mcc: 001
+        mnc: 01
   sbi:
     server:
       - address: 127.0.0.10
  • open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/smf1.yaml
--- smf.yaml.orig       2024-03-24 15:36:48.000000000 +0900
+++ smf1.yaml   2024-03-31 22:57:17.414819017 +0900
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 logger:
-  file: /root/open5gs/install/var/log/open5gs/smf.log
+  file: /root/open5gs/install/var/log/open5gs/smf1.log
 #  level: info   # fatal|error|warn|info(default)|debug|trace
 
 global:
@@ -19,35 +19,41 @@
         - uri: http://127.0.0.200:7777
   pfcp:
     server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.4
+      - address: 192.168.0.112
     client:
       upf:
-        - address: 127.0.0.7
-  gtpc:
-    server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.4
+        - address: 192.168.0.114
+          dnn: internet
   gtpu:
     server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.4
+      - address: 192.168.0.112
   metrics:
     server:
       - address: 127.0.0.4
         port: 9090
   session:
     - subnet: 10.45.0.1/16
-    - subnet: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
+      dnn: internet
   dns:
     - 8.8.8.8
     - 8.8.4.4
-    - 2001:4860:4860::8888
-    - 2001:4860:4860::8844
   mtu: 1400
 #  p-cscf:
 #    - 127.0.0.1
 #    - ::1
 #  ctf:
 #    enabled: auto   # auto(default)|yes|no
-  freeDiameter: /root/open5gs/install/etc/freeDiameter/smf.conf
+#  freeDiameter: /root/open5gs/install/etc/freeDiameter/smf.conf
+  info:
+    - s_nssai:
+        - sst: 1
+          dnn:
+            - internet
+      tai:
+        - plmn_id:
+            mcc: 001
+            mnc: 01
+          tac: 1
 
 ################################################################################
 # SMF Info
  • open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/smf2.yaml
--- smf.yaml.orig       2024-03-24 15:36:48.000000000 +0900
+++ smf2.yaml   2024-03-31 22:57:26.894698008 +0900
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 logger:
-  file: /root/open5gs/install/var/log/open5gs/smf.log
+  file: /root/open5gs/install/var/log/open5gs/smf2.log
 #  level: info   # fatal|error|warn|info(default)|debug|trace
 
 global:
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 smf:
   sbi:
     server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.4
+      - address: 127.0.0.24
         port: 7777
     client:
 #      nrf:
@@ -19,35 +19,41 @@
         - uri: http://127.0.0.200:7777
   pfcp:
     server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.4
+      - address: 192.168.0.113
     client:
       upf:
-        - address: 127.0.0.7
-  gtpc:
-    server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.4
+        - address: 192.168.0.115
+          dnn: internet
   gtpu:
     server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.4
+      - address: 192.168.0.113
   metrics:
     server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.4
+      - address: 127.0.0.24
         port: 9090
   session:
-    - subnet: 10.45.0.1/16
-    - subnet: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
+    - subnet: 10.46.0.1/16
+      dnn: internet
   dns:
     - 8.8.8.8
     - 8.8.4.4
-    - 2001:4860:4860::8888
-    - 2001:4860:4860::8844
   mtu: 1400
 #  p-cscf:
 #    - 127.0.0.1
 #    - ::1
 #  ctf:
 #    enabled: auto   # auto(default)|yes|no
-  freeDiameter: /root/open5gs/install/etc/freeDiameter/smf.conf
+#  freeDiameter: /root/open5gs/install/etc/freeDiameter/smf.conf
+  info:
+    - s_nssai:
+        - sst: 1
+          dnn:
+            - internet
+      tai:
+        - plmn_id:
+            mcc: 001
+            mnc: 01
+          tac: 2
 
 ################################################################################
 # SMF Info

Changes in configuration files of Open5GS 5GC U-Plane1

  • open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/upf.yaml
--- upf.yaml.orig       2024-03-24 15:36:48.000000000 +0900
+++ upf.yaml    2024-03-25 20:16:20.324142755 +0900
@@ -10,16 +10,17 @@
 upf:
   pfcp:
     server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.7
+      - address: 192.168.0.114
     client:
 #      smf:     #  UPF PFCP Client try to associate SMF PFCP Server
 #        - address: 127.0.0.4
   gtpu:
     server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.7
+      - address: 192.168.0.114
   session:
     - subnet: 10.45.0.1/16
-    - subnet: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
+      dnn: internet
+      dev: ogstun
   metrics:
     server:
       - address: 127.0.0.7

Changes in configuration files of Open5GS 5GC U-Plane2

  • open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/upf.yaml
--- upf.yaml.orig       2024-03-24 15:36:48.000000000 +0900
+++ upf.yaml    2024-03-25 20:18:50.813311682 +0900
@@ -10,16 +10,17 @@
 upf:
   pfcp:
     server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.7
+      - address: 192.168.0.115
     client:
 #      smf:     #  UPF PFCP Client try to associate SMF PFCP Server
 #        - address: 127.0.0.4
   gtpu:
     server:
-      - address: 127.0.0.7
+      - address: 192.168.0.115
   session:
-    - subnet: 10.45.0.1/16
-    - subnet: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
+    - subnet: 10.46.0.1/16
+      dnn: internet
+      dev: ogstun
   metrics:
     server:
       - address: 127.0.0.7

Changes in configuration files of UERANSIM UE / RAN

Changes in configuration files of RAN (gNodeB1)

  • UERANSIM/config/open5gs-gnb.yaml
--- open5gs-gnb.yaml.orig       2022-07-03 13:06:43.000000000 +0900
+++ open5gs-gnb.yaml    2023-01-12 22:31:00.200921228 +0900
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-mcc: '999'          # Mobile Country Code value
-mnc: '70'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)
+mcc: '001'          # Mobile Country Code value
+mnc: '01'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)
 
 nci: '0x000000010'  # NR Cell Identity (36-bit)
 idLength: 32        # NR gNB ID length in bits [22...32]
 tac: 1              # Tracking Area Code
 
-linkIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
-ngapIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
-gtpIp: 127.0.0.1    # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
+linkIp: 192.168.0.131   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
+ngapIp: 192.168.0.131   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
+gtpIp: 192.168.0.131    # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
 
 # List of AMF address information
 amfConfigs:
-  - address: 127.0.0.5
+  - address: 192.168.0.111
     port: 38412
 
 # List of supported S-NSSAIs by this gNB

Changes in configuration files of RAN (gNodeB2)

  • UERANSIM/config/open5gs-gnb.yaml
--- open5gs-gnb.yaml.orig       2022-07-03 13:06:43.000000000 +0900
+++ open5gs-gnb.yaml    2023-01-12 22:32:12.052740137 +0900
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-mcc: '999'          # Mobile Country Code value
-mnc: '70'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)
+mcc: '001'          # Mobile Country Code value
+mnc: '01'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)
 
 nci: '0x000000010'  # NR Cell Identity (36-bit)
 idLength: 32        # NR gNB ID length in bits [22...32]
-tac: 1              # Tracking Area Code
+tac: 2              # Tracking Area Code
 
-linkIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
-ngapIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
-gtpIp: 127.0.0.1    # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
+linkIp: 192.168.0.132   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
+ngapIp: 192.168.0.132   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
+gtpIp: 192.168.0.132    # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
 
 # List of AMF address information
 amfConfigs:
-  - address: 127.0.0.5
+  - address: 192.168.0.111
     port: 38412
 
 # List of supported S-NSSAIs by this gNB

Changes in configuration files of UE for Loc1 (IMSI-001010000000000)

  • UERANSIM/config/open5gs-ue-loc1.yaml
--- open5gs-ue.yaml.orig        2023-12-02 06:14:20.000000000 +0900
+++ open5gs-ue-loc1.yaml        2024-03-26 20:05:20.085805718 +0900
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # IMSI number of the UE. IMSI = [MCC|MNC|MSISDN] (In total 15 digits)
-supi: 'imsi-999700000000001'
+supi: 'imsi-001010000000000'
 # Mobile Country Code value of HPLMN
-mcc: '999'
+mcc: '001'
 # Mobile Network Code value of HPLMN (2 or 3 digits)
-mnc: '70'
+mnc: '01'
 # SUCI Protection Scheme : 0 for Null-scheme, 1 for Profile A and 2 for Profile B
 protectionScheme: 0
 # Home Network Public Key for protecting with SUCI Profile A
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
 # List of gNB IP addresses for Radio Link Simulation
 gnbSearchList:
-  - 127.0.0.1
+  - 192.168.0.131
 
 # UAC Access Identities Configuration
 uacAic:

Changes in configuration files of UE for Loc2 (IMSI-001010000000000)

  • UERANSIM/config/open5gs-ue-loc2.yaml
--- open5gs-ue.yaml.orig        2023-12-02 06:14:20.000000000 +0900
+++ open5gs-ue-loc2.yaml        2024-03-26 20:06:13.725206392 +0900
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # IMSI number of the UE. IMSI = [MCC|MNC|MSISDN] (In total 15 digits)
-supi: 'imsi-999700000000001'
+supi: 'imsi-001010000000000'
 # Mobile Country Code value of HPLMN
-mcc: '999'
+mcc: '001'
 # Mobile Network Code value of HPLMN (2 or 3 digits)
-mnc: '70'
+mnc: '01'
 # SUCI Protection Scheme : 0 for Null-scheme, 1 for Profile A and 2 for Profile B
 protectionScheme: 0
 # Home Network Public Key for protecting with SUCI Profile A
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
 # List of gNB IP addresses for Radio Link Simulation
 gnbSearchList:
-  - 127.0.0.1
+  - 192.168.0.132
 
 # UAC Access Identities Configuration
 uacAic:

Network settings of Open5GS 5GC and UERANSIM UE / RAN

Network settings of Open5GS 5GC C-Plane

Add IP addresses for SMF1 and SMF2.

ip addr add 192.168.0.112/24 dev enp0s8
ip addr add 192.168.0.113/24 dev enp0s8

Note. enp0s8 is the network interface of 192.168.0.0/24 in my VirtualBox environment. Please change it according to your environment.

Network settings of Open5GS 5GC U-Plane1

First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# sysctl -p

Next, configure the TUNnel interface and NAPT.

ip tuntap add name ogstun mode tun
ip addr add 10.45.0.1/16 dev ogstun
ip link set ogstun up

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.45.0.0/16 ! -o ogstun -j MASQUERADE

Network settings of Open5GS 5GC U-Plane2

First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# sysctl -p

Next, configure the TUNnel interface and NAPT.

ip tuntap add name ogstun mode tun
ip addr add 10.46.0.1/16 dev ogstun
ip link set ogstun up

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.46.0.0/16 ! -o ogstun -j MASQUERADE

Build Open5GS and UERANSIM

Please refer to the following for building Open5GS and UERANSIM respectively.

Install MongoDB on Open5GS 5GC C-Plane machine. It is not necessary to install MongoDB on Open5GS 5GC U-Plane machines. MongoDB Compass is a convenient tool to look at the MongoDB database.

Run Open5GS 5GC and UERANSIM UE / RAN

First run the 5GC, then UERANSIM (UE & RAN implementation).

Run Open5GS 5GC C-Plane

First, run Open5GS 5GC C-Plane.

  • Open5GS 5GC C-Plane
./install/bin/open5gs-nrfd &
sleep 2
./install/bin/open5gs-scpd &
sleep 2
./install/bin/open5gs-amfd &
sleep 2
./install/bin/open5gs-smfd -c install/etc/open5gs/smf1.yaml &
./install/bin/open5gs-smfd -c install/etc/open5gs/smf2.yaml &
./install/bin/open5gs-ausfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-udmd &
./install/bin/open5gs-udrd &
./install/bin/open5gs-pcfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-nssfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-bsfd &

Run Open5GS 5GC U-Plane1 & U-Plane2

Next, run Open5GS 5GC U-Plane.

  • Open5GS 5GC U-Plane1
./install/bin/open5gs-upfd &
  • Open5GS 5GC U-Plane2
./install/bin/open5gs-upfd &

Then run tcpdump on one more terminal for each U-Plane.

  • Run tcpdump on VM2 (U-Plane1)
# tcpdump -i ogstun -n
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ogstun, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 262144 bytes
  • Run tcpdump on VM3 (U-Plane2)
# tcpdump -i ogstun -n
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ogstun, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 262144 bytes

Run UERANSIM (gNodeBs)

Run each gNodeB with TAC=1 and TAC=2 in two locations.
Please refer to the following for usage of UERANSIM.

https://github.com/aligungr/UERANSIM/wiki/Usage

Start gNodeB1 with TAC=1 in Loc1

# ./nr-gnb -c ../config/open5gs-gnb.yaml
UERANSIM v3.2.6
[2024-03-26 20:31:13.709] [sctp] [info] Trying to establish SCTP connection... (192.168.0.111:38412)
[2024-03-26 20:31:13.719] [sctp] [info] SCTP connection established (192.168.0.111:38412)
[2024-03-26 20:31:13.719] [sctp] [debug] SCTP association setup ascId[5]
[2024-03-26 20:31:13.720] [ngap] [debug] Sending NG Setup Request
[2024-03-26 20:31:13.735] [ngap] [debug] NG Setup Response received
[2024-03-26 20:31:13.735] [ngap] [info] NG Setup procedure is successful

The Open5GS C-Plane log when executed is as follows.

03/26 20:31:13.853: [amf] INFO: gNB-N2 accepted[192.168.0.131]:50048 in ng-path module (../src/amf/ngap-sctp.c:113)
03/26 20:31:13.853: [amf] INFO: gNB-N2 accepted[192.168.0.131] in master_sm module (../src/amf/amf-sm.c:754)
03/26 20:31:13.867: [amf] INFO: [Added] Number of gNBs is now 1 (../src/amf/context.c:1236)
03/26 20:31:13.868: [amf] INFO: gNB-N2[192.168.0.131] max_num_of_ostreams : 10 (../src/amf/amf-sm.c:793)

Start gNodeB2 with TAC=2 in Loc2

# ./nr-gnb -c ../config/open5gs-gnb.yaml
UERANSIM v3.2.6
[2024-03-26 20:31:54.888] [sctp] [info] Trying to establish SCTP connection... (192.168.0.111:38412)
[2024-03-26 20:31:54.898] [sctp] [info] SCTP connection established (192.168.0.111:38412)
[2024-03-26 20:31:54.899] [sctp] [debug] SCTP association setup ascId[5]
[2024-03-26 20:31:54.899] [ngap] [debug] Sending NG Setup Request
[2024-03-26 20:31:54.914] [ngap] [debug] NG Setup Response received
[2024-03-26 20:31:54.914] [ngap] [info] NG Setup procedure is successful

The Open5GS C-Plane log when executed is as follows.

03/26 20:31:54.899: [amf] INFO: gNB-N2 accepted[192.168.0.132]:52880 in ng-path module (../src/amf/ngap-sctp.c:113)
03/26 20:31:54.899: [amf] INFO: gNB-N2 accepted[192.168.0.132] in master_sm module (../src/amf/amf-sm.c:754)
03/26 20:31:54.913: [amf] INFO: [Added] Number of gNBs is now 2 (../src/amf/context.c:1236)
03/26 20:31:54.914: [amf] INFO: gNB-N2[192.168.0.132] max_num_of_ostreams : 10 (../src/amf/amf-sm.c:793)

Run UERANSIM (UE in Loc1)

Confirm that the packet goes through the DN of U-Plane1 in the same Loc1 by connecting to gNodeB1 in Loc1.

Start UE connected to gNodeB1 in Loc1

# ./nr-ue -c ../config/open5gs-ue-loc1.yaml 
UERANSIM v3.2.6
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.585] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-DEREGISTERED/PLMN-SEARCH]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.586] [rrc] [debug] New signal detected for cell[1], total [1] cells in coverage
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.587] [nas] [info] Selected plmn[001/01]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.588] [rrc] [info] Selected cell plmn[001/01] tac[1] category[SUITABLE]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.589] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-DEREGISTERED/PS]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.589] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-DEREGISTERED/NORMAL-SERVICE]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.590] [nas] [debug] Initial registration required due to [MM-DEREG-NORMAL-SERVICE]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.593] [nas] [debug] UAC access attempt is allowed for identity[0], category[MO_sig]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.593] [nas] [debug] Sending Initial Registration
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.594] [rrc] [debug] Sending RRC Setup Request
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.595] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-REGISTER-INITIATED]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.597] [rrc] [info] RRC connection established
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.597] [rrc] [info] UE switches to state [RRC-CONNECTED]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.598] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [CM-CONNECTED]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.625] [nas] [debug] Authentication Request received
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.626] [nas] [debug] Received SQN [000000000221]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.626] [nas] [debug] SQN-MS [000000000000]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.643] [nas] [debug] Security Mode Command received
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.644] [nas] [debug] Selected integrity[2] ciphering[0]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.687] [nas] [debug] Registration accept received
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.687] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-REGISTERED/NORMAL-SERVICE]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.688] [nas] [debug] Sending Registration Complete
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.688] [nas] [info] Initial Registration is successful
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.688] [nas] [debug] Sending PDU Session Establishment Request
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.689] [nas] [debug] UAC access attempt is allowed for identity[0], category[MO_sig]
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.892] [nas] [debug] Configuration Update Command received
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.954] [nas] [debug] PDU Session Establishment Accept received
[2024-03-26 20:32:33.960] [nas] [info] PDU Session establishment is successful PSI[1]
[2024-03-26 20:32:34.011] [app] [info] Connection setup for PDU session[1] is successful, TUN interface[uesimtun0, 10.45.0.2] is up.

The Open5GS C-Plane log when executed is as follows.

03/26 20:32:33.577: [amf] INFO: InitialUEMessage (../src/amf/ngap-handler.c:401)
03/26 20:32:33.577: [amf] INFO: [Added] Number of gNB-UEs is now 1 (../src/amf/context.c:2656)
03/26 20:32:33.577: [amf] INFO:     RAN_UE_NGAP_ID[1] AMF_UE_NGAP_ID[1] TAC[1] CellID[0x10] (../src/amf/ngap-handler.c:562)
03/26 20:32:33.578: [amf] INFO: [suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000] Unknown UE by SUCI (../src/amf/context.c:1840)
03/26 20:32:33.578: [amf] INFO: [Added] Number of AMF-UEs is now 1 (../src/amf/context.c:1621)
03/26 20:32:33.578: [gmm] INFO: Registration request (../src/amf/gmm-sm.c:1224)
03/26 20:32:33.578: [gmm] INFO: [suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000]    SUCI (../src/amf/gmm-handler.c:172)
03/26 20:32:33.585: [sbi] WARNING: [UDM] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:32:33.586: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:32:33.586: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.587: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.587: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.588: [sbi] INFO: [UDM] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:32:33.599: [sbi] INFO: [UDM] (SCP-discover) NF registered [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/path.c:211)
03/26 20:32:33.656: [sbi] WARNING: [UDR] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [51485670-eb64-41ee-a5d7-4b79383d4067:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:32:33.657: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.20:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:32:33.657: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.20:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.658: [sbi] INFO: [UDR] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [51485670-eb64-41ee-a5d7-4b79383d4067:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:32:33.660: [sbi] INFO: [UDR] (SCP-discover) NF registered [51485670-eb64-41ee-a5d7-4b79383d4067:1] (../lib/sbi/path.c:211)
03/26 20:32:33.867: [gmm] INFO: [imsi-001010000000000] Registration complete (../src/amf/gmm-sm.c:2321)
03/26 20:32:33.868: [amf] INFO: [imsi-001010000000000] Configuration update command (../src/amf/nas-path.c:591)
03/26 20:32:33.868: [gmm] INFO:     UTC [2024-03-26T11:32:33] Timezone[0]/DST[0] (../src/amf/gmm-build.c:558)
03/26 20:32:33.869: [gmm] INFO:     LOCAL [2024-03-26T20:32:33] Timezone[32400]/DST[0] (../src/amf/gmm-build.c:563)
03/26 20:32:33.870: [amf] INFO: [Added] Number of AMF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/amf/context.c:2677)
03/26 20:32:33.871: [gmm] INFO: UE SUPI[imsi-001010000000000] DNN[internet] S_NSSAI[SST:1 SD:0xffffff] smContextRef [NULL] (../src/amf/gmm-handler.c:1285)
03/26 20:32:33.871: [gmm] INFO: SMF Instance [515c8168-eb64-41ee-b303-e141cb8d42b8] (../src/amf/gmm-handler.c:1324)
03/26 20:32:33.876: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-UEs is now 1 (../src/smf/context.c:1019)
03/26 20:32:33.876: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/smf/context.c:3090)
03/26 20:32:33.881: [sbi] WARNING: [UDM] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:32:33.882: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:32:33.883: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.883: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.884: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.884: [sbi] INFO: [UDM] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:32:33.893: [sbi] INFO: [UDM] (SCP-discover) NF registered [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/path.c:211)
03/26 20:32:33.899: [sbi] WARNING: [PCF] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [5148ef04-eb64-41ee-a175-3d43c24794a5:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:32:33.900: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.13:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:32:33.901: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.901: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.902: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.902: [sbi] INFO: [PCF] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [5148ef04-eb64-41ee-a175-3d43c24794a5:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:32:33.907: [sbi] WARNING: [UDR] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [51485670-eb64-41ee-a5d7-4b79383d4067:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:32:33.908: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.20:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:32:33.908: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.20:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.909: [sbi] INFO: [UDR] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [51485670-eb64-41ee-a5d7-4b79383d4067:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:32:33.912: [sbi] WARNING: [UDR] (SCP-discover) NF has already been added [51485670-eb64-41ee-a5d7-4b79383d4067:2] (../lib/sbi/path.c:216)
03/26 20:32:33.915: [sbi] WARNING: [BSF] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [513f1b32-eb64-41ee-9877-6137bf1512d7:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:32:33.916: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.15:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:32:33.916: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.15:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.917: [sbi] INFO: [BSF] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [513f1b32-eb64-41ee-9877-6137bf1512d7:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:32:33.920: [sbi] INFO: [BSF] (SCP-discover) NF registered [513f1b32-eb64-41ee-9877-6137bf1512d7:1] (../lib/sbi/path.c:211)
03/26 20:32:33.923: [sbi] INFO: [PCF] (SCP-discover) NF registered [5148ef04-eb64-41ee-a175-3d43c24794a5:1] (../lib/sbi/path.c:211)
03/26 20:32:33.923: [smf] INFO: UE SUPI[imsi-001010000000000] DNN[internet] IPv4[10.45.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/smf/npcf-handler.c:542)
03/26 20:32:33.926: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.114]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
03/26 20:32:33.937: [sbi] WARNING: [UDM] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:32:33.938: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:32:33.938: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.939: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.939: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:32:33.939: [sbi] INFO: [UDM] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:32:33.943: [sbi] WARNING: [UDM] (SCP-discover) NF has already been added [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:2] (../lib/sbi/path.c:216)
03/26 20:32:33.944: [amf] INFO: [imsi-001010000000000:1:11][0:0:NULL] /nsmf-pdusession/v1/sm-contexts/{smContextRef}/modify (../src/amf/nsmf-handler.c:867)

The Open5GS U-Plane1 log when executed is as follows.

03/26 20:32:33.918: [upf] INFO: [Added] Number of UPF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/upf/context.c:208)
03/26 20:32:33.918: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.112]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
03/26 20:32:33.918: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x1ea CP:0x758] APN[internet] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.45.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:485)
03/26 20:32:33.918: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x1ea CP:0x758] APN[internet] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.45.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:485)
03/26 20:32:33.928: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.131]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)

The TUNnel interface uesimtun0 is created as follows.

# ip addr show
...
6: uesimtun0: <POINTOPOINT,PROMISC,NOTRAILERS,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 500
    link/none 
    inet 10.45.0.2/32 scope global uesimtun0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::c3c9:863b:ad40:5c2a/64 scope link stable-privacy 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
...

Ping google.com going through DN=10.45.0.0/16 on Loc1

Confirm by using tcpdump that the packet goes through if=ogstun on U-Plane1.

# ping google.com -I uesimtun0 -n
PING google.com (172.217.175.78) from 10.45.0.2 uesimtun0: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.217.175.78: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=82.5 ms
64 bytes from 172.217.175.78: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=94.6 ms
64 bytes from 172.217.175.78: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=27.8 ms

The tcpdump log on U-Plane1 is as follows.

20:34:23.378745 IP 10.45.0.2 > 172.217.175.78: ICMP echo request, id 7, seq 1, length 64
20:34:23.457748 IP 172.217.175.78 > 10.45.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 7, seq 1, length 64
20:34:24.379228 IP 10.45.0.2 > 172.217.175.78: ICMP echo request, id 7, seq 2, length 64
20:34:24.472158 IP 172.217.175.78 > 10.45.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 7, seq 2, length 64
20:34:25.380573 IP 10.45.0.2 > 172.217.175.78: ICMP echo request, id 7, seq 3, length 64
20:34:25.405378 IP 172.217.175.78 > 10.45.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 7, seq 3, length 64

Note. Make sure the packet does not go through U-Plane2. The UE connects to the DN of U-Plane1 in the same Loc1 according to the connected gNodeB1 in Loc1.

Run UERANSIM (UE in Loc2)

Then the UE disconnects from gNodeB1 and connects to gNodeB2 in Loc2. Confirm that the packet goes through the DN of U-Plane2 in the same Loc2.

Start UE connected to gNodeB2 in Loc2

# ./nr-ue -c ../config/open5gs-ue-loc2.yaml 
UERANSIM v3.2.6
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.314] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-DEREGISTERED/PLMN-SEARCH]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.316] [rrc] [debug] New signal detected for cell[1], total [1] cells in coverage
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.317] [nas] [info] Selected plmn[001/01]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.318] [rrc] [info] Selected cell plmn[001/01] tac[2] category[SUITABLE]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.318] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-DEREGISTERED/PS]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.319] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-DEREGISTERED/NORMAL-SERVICE]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.320] [nas] [debug] Initial registration required due to [MM-DEREG-NORMAL-SERVICE]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.320] [nas] [debug] UAC access attempt is allowed for identity[0], category[MO_sig]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.321] [nas] [debug] Sending Initial Registration
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.322] [rrc] [debug] Sending RRC Setup Request
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.323] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-REGISTER-INITIATED]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.324] [rrc] [info] RRC connection established
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.325] [rrc] [info] UE switches to state [RRC-CONNECTED]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.325] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [CM-CONNECTED]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.367] [nas] [debug] Authentication Request received
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.368] [nas] [debug] Received SQN [000000000241]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.368] [nas] [debug] SQN-MS [000000000000]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.384] [nas] [debug] Security Mode Command received
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.385] [nas] [debug] Selected integrity[2] ciphering[0]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.422] [nas] [debug] Registration accept received
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.422] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-REGISTERED/NORMAL-SERVICE]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.422] [nas] [debug] Sending Registration Complete
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.423] [nas] [info] Initial Registration is successful
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.424] [nas] [debug] Sending PDU Session Establishment Request
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.424] [nas] [debug] UAC access attempt is allowed for identity[0], category[MO_sig]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.634] [nas] [debug] Configuration Update Command received
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.692] [nas] [debug] PDU Session Establishment Accept received
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.698] [nas] [info] PDU Session establishment is successful PSI[1]
[2024-03-26 20:35:16.749] [app] [info] Connection setup for PDU session[1] is successful, TUN interface[uesimtun0, 10.46.0.2] is up.

The Open5GS C-Plane log when executed is as follows.

03/26 20:35:16.322: [amf] INFO: InitialUEMessage (../src/amf/ngap-handler.c:401)
03/26 20:35:16.323: [amf] INFO: [Added] Number of gNB-UEs is now 2 (../src/amf/context.c:2656)
03/26 20:35:16.323: [amf] INFO:     RAN_UE_NGAP_ID[1] AMF_UE_NGAP_ID[2] TAC[2] CellID[0x10] (../src/amf/ngap-handler.c:562)
03/26 20:35:16.323: [amf] INFO: [suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000] known UE by SUCI (../src/amf/context.c:1838)
03/26 20:35:16.323: [amf] WARNING: [suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000] Holding NG Context (../src/amf/amf-sm.c:965)
03/26 20:35:16.323: [amf] WARNING: [suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000]    RAN_UE_NGAP_ID[1] AMF_UE_NGAP_ID[1] (../src/amf/amf-sm.c:965)
03/26 20:35:16.323: [gmm] INFO: Registration request (../src/amf/gmm-sm.c:1224)
03/26 20:35:16.323: [gmm] INFO: [suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000]    SUCI (../src/amf/gmm-handler.c:172)
03/26 20:35:16.343: [smf] INFO: Removed Session: UE IMSI:[imsi-001010000000000] DNN:[internet:1] IPv4:[10.45.0.2] IPv6:[] (../src/smf/context.c:1677)
03/26 20:35:16.344: [smf] INFO: [Removed] Number of SMF-Sessions is now 0 (../src/smf/context.c:3098)
03/26 20:35:16.345: [smf] INFO: [Removed] Number of SMF-UEs is now 0 (../src/smf/context.c:1080)
03/26 20:35:16.346: [amf] INFO: [imsi-001010000000000:1] Release SM context [204] (../src/amf/amf-sm.c:505)
03/26 20:35:16.347: [amf] INFO: [imsi-001010000000000:1] Release SM Context [state:31] (../src/amf/nsmf-handler.c:1082)
03/26 20:35:16.347: [amf] INFO: [Removed] Number of AMF-Sessions is now 0 (../src/amf/context.c:2684)
03/26 20:35:16.384: [gmm] WARNING: [suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000] Clear NG Context (../src/amf/gmm-sm.c:2002)
03/26 20:35:16.385: [gmm] WARNING: [suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000]    RAN_UE_NGAP_ID[1] AMF_UE_NGAP_ID[1] (../src/amf/gmm-sm.c:2002)
03/26 20:35:16.388: [amf] INFO: UE Context Release [Action:1] (../src/amf/ngap-handler.c:1696)
03/26 20:35:16.388: [amf] INFO:     RAN_UE_NGAP_ID[1] AMF_UE_NGAP_ID[1] (../src/amf/ngap-handler.c:1697)
03/26 20:35:16.389: [amf] INFO: [Removed] Number of gNB-UEs is now 1 (../src/amf/context.c:2663)
03/26 20:35:16.410: [pcf] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.5:7777] (../src/pcf/npcf-handler.c:113)
03/26 20:35:16.627: [gmm] INFO: [imsi-001010000000000] Registration complete (../src/amf/gmm-sm.c:2321)
03/26 20:35:16.627: [amf] INFO: [imsi-001010000000000] Configuration update command (../src/amf/nas-path.c:591)
03/26 20:35:16.628: [gmm] INFO:     UTC [2024-03-26T11:35:16] Timezone[0]/DST[0] (../src/amf/gmm-build.c:558)
03/26 20:35:16.629: [gmm] INFO:     LOCAL [2024-03-26T20:35:16] Timezone[32400]/DST[0] (../src/amf/gmm-build.c:563)
03/26 20:35:16.630: [amf] INFO: [Added] Number of AMF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/amf/context.c:2677)
03/26 20:35:16.630: [gmm] INFO: UE SUPI[imsi-001010000000000] DNN[internet] S_NSSAI[SST:1 SD:0xffffff] smContextRef [NULL] (../src/amf/gmm-handler.c:1285)
03/26 20:35:16.631: [gmm] INFO: SMF Instance [515ca5ee-eb64-41ee-a438-79bc644a3a7f] (../src/amf/gmm-handler.c:1324)
03/26 20:35:16.634: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-UEs is now 1 (../src/smf/context.c:1019)
03/26 20:35:16.635: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/smf/context.c:3090)
03/26 20:35:16.638: [sbi] WARNING: [UDM] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:35:16.639: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:35:16.639: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:35:16.640: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:35:16.640: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:35:16.641: [sbi] INFO: [UDM] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:35:16.649: [sbi] INFO: [UDM] (SCP-discover) NF registered [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/path.c:211)
03/26 20:35:16.654: [sbi] WARNING: [PCF] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [5148ef04-eb64-41ee-a175-3d43c24794a5:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:35:16.655: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.13:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:35:16.656: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:35:16.657: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:35:16.657: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:35:16.658: [sbi] INFO: [PCF] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [5148ef04-eb64-41ee-a175-3d43c24794a5:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:35:16.662: [sbi] WARNING: [UDR] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [51485670-eb64-41ee-a5d7-4b79383d4067:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:35:16.663: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.20:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:35:16.664: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.20:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:35:16.664: [sbi] INFO: [UDR] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [51485670-eb64-41ee-a5d7-4b79383d4067:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:35:16.667: [sbi] WARNING: [UDR] (SCP-discover) NF has already been added [51485670-eb64-41ee-a5d7-4b79383d4067:2] (../lib/sbi/path.c:216)
03/26 20:35:16.670: [sbi] WARNING: [BSF] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [513f1b32-eb64-41ee-9877-6137bf1512d7:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:35:16.671: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.15:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:35:16.671: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.15:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:35:16.672: [sbi] INFO: [BSF] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [513f1b32-eb64-41ee-9877-6137bf1512d7:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:35:16.674: [sbi] WARNING: [BSF] (SCP-discover) NF has already been added [513f1b32-eb64-41ee-9877-6137bf1512d7:1] (../lib/sbi/path.c:216)
03/26 20:35:16.677: [sbi] INFO: [PCF] (SCP-discover) NF registered [5148ef04-eb64-41ee-a175-3d43c24794a5:1] (../lib/sbi/path.c:211)
03/26 20:35:16.678: [smf] INFO: UE SUPI[imsi-001010000000000] DNN[internet] IPv4[10.46.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/smf/npcf-handler.c:542)
03/26 20:35:16.680: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.115]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
03/26 20:35:16.693: [sbi] WARNING: [UDM] (NRF-discover) NF has already been added [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1162)
03/26 20:35:16.694: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:2210)
03/26 20:35:16.694: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:35:16.694: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:35:16.695: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint(addr) updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1946)
03/26 20:35:16.695: [sbi] INFO: [UDM] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:1] (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:1200)
03/26 20:35:16.699: [sbi] WARNING: [UDM] (SCP-discover) NF has already been added [5140b028-eb64-41ee-96db-57a830a03f36:2] (../lib/sbi/path.c:216)
03/26 20:35:16.700: [amf] INFO: [imsi-001010000000000:1:11][0:0:NULL] /nsmf-pdusession/v1/sm-contexts/{smContextRef}/modify (../src/amf/nsmf-handler.c:867)

The Open5GS U-Plane2 log when executed is as follows.

03/26 20:35:16.627: [upf] INFO: [Added] Number of UPF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/upf/context.c:208)
03/26 20:35:16.628: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.113]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
03/26 20:35:16.628: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x8ae CP:0x874] APN[internet] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.46.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:485)
03/26 20:35:16.628: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x8ae CP:0x874] APN[internet] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.46.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:485)
03/26 20:35:16.639: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.132]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)

The TUNnel interface uesimtun0 is created as follows.

# ip addr show
...
7: uesimtun0: <POINTOPOINT,PROMISC,NOTRAILERS,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 500
    link/none 
    inet 10.46.0.2/32 scope global uesimtun0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::251f:b652:cdee:a462/64 scope link stable-privacy 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
...

Ping google.com going through DN=10.46.0.0/16 on Loc2

Confirm by using tcpdump that the packet goes through if=ogstun on U-Plane2.

# ping google.com -I uesimtun0 -n
PING google.com (142.251.222.14) from 10.46.0.2 uesimtun0: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 142.251.222.14: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=60.1 ms
64 bytes from 142.251.222.14: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=49.9 ms
64 bytes from 142.251.222.14: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=30.8 ms

The tcpdump log on U-Plane2 is as follows.

20:36:51.352123 IP 10.46.0.2 > 142.251.222.14: ICMP echo request, id 8, seq 1, length 64
20:36:51.409189 IP 142.251.222.14 > 10.46.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 8, seq 1, length 64
20:36:52.353283 IP 10.46.0.2 > 142.251.222.14: ICMP echo request, id 8, seq 2, length 64
20:36:52.401124 IP 142.251.222.14 > 10.46.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 8, seq 2, length 64
20:36:53.353019 IP 10.46.0.2 > 142.251.222.14: ICMP echo request, id 8, seq 3, length 64
20:36:53.382949 IP 142.251.222.14 > 10.46.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 8, seq 3, length 64

Note. Make sure the packet does not go through U-Plane1. The UE connects to the DN of U-Plane2 in the same Loc2 according to the connected gNodeB2 in Loc2.

I was able to confirm the very simple configuration in which one UE connects to the UPF in the same location according connected gNodeB. I would like to thank the excellent developers and all the contributors of Open5GS and UERANSIM.

Changelog (summary)

  • [2024.03.31] This commit fixed the issue where SMF crashes without gtpc section in smf.yaml. So deleted the gtpc section in smf.yaml for 5G use.
  • [2024.03.26] Updated to Open5GS v2.7.0 (2024.03.24).
  • [2023.01.12] Updated to Open5GS v2.5.6.
  • [2022.06.07] Updated to Open5GS v2.4.7 and UERANSIM v3.2.6.
  • [2021.08.17] Initial release.

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Open5GS 5GC & UERANSIM UE / RAN Sample Configuration - Select nearby UPF according to the connected gNodeB

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smf stand-alone amf upf 5g ue ran 5gc open5gs ueransim gnodeb

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