This guide walks you through the process of creating an application that consumes a RESTful web service.
You will build an application that uses Spring’s RestTemplate to retrieve a random
Spring Boot quotation at http://localhost:8080/api/random.
You can use this pre-initialized project and click Generate to download a ZIP file. This project is configured to fit the examples in this tutorial.
To manually initialize the project:
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Navigate to https://start.spring.io. This service pulls in all the dependencies you need for an application and does most of the setup for you.
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Choose either Gradle or Maven and the language you want to use. This guide assumes that you chose Java.
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Click Dependencies and select Spring Web.
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Click Generate.
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Download the resulting ZIP file, which is an archive of a web application that is configured with your choices.
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Note
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If your IDE has the Spring Initializr integration, you can complete this process from your IDE. |
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Note
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You can also fork the project from Github and open it in your IDE or other editor. |
With project setup complete, you can create a simple application that consumes a RESTful service.
Before you can do so, you need a source of REST resources. We have provided an example of such a service at https://github.com/spring-guides/quoters. You can run that application in a separate terminal and access the result at http://localhost:8080/api/random. That address randomly fetches a quotation about Spring Boot and returns it as a JSON document. Other valid addresses include http://localhost:8080/api/ (for all the quotations) and http://localhost:8080/api/1 (for the first quotation), http://localhost:8080/api/2 (for the second quotation), and so on (up to 10 at present).
If you request that URL through a web browser or curl, you receive a JSON document that looks something like this:
{
type: "success",
value: {
id: 10,
quote: "Really loving Spring Boot, makes stand alone Spring apps easy."
}
}That is easy enough but not terribly useful when fetched through a browser or through curl.
A more useful way to consume a REST web service is programmatically. To help you with that
task, Spring provides a convenient template class called RestTemplate.
RestTemplate makes interacting with most RESTful services a one-line incantation. And it
can even bind that data to custom domain types.
First, you need to create a domain class to contain the data that you need. The following
listing shows the Quote record class, which you can use as your domain class:
src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/Quote.java
link:complete/src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/Quote.java[role=include]This simple Java record class is annotated with @JsonIgnoreProperties from the Jackson JSON
processing library to indicate that any properties not bound in this type should be ignored.
To directly bind your data to your custom types, you need to specify the
variable name to be exactly the same as the key in the JSON document returned from the API.
In case your variable name and key in JSON doc do not match, you can use @JsonProperty
annotation to specify the exact key of the JSON document. (This example matches each
variable name to a JSON key, so you do not need that annotation here.)
You also need an additional class, to embed the inner quotation itself. The Value record
class fills that need and is shown in the following listing (at
src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/Value.java):
link:complete/src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/Value.java[role=include]This uses the same annotations but maps onto other data fields.
The Initializr creates a class with a main() method. The following listing shows the
class the Initializr creates (at
src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/ConsumingRestApplication.java):
link:initial/src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/ConsumingRestApplication.java[role=include]Now you need to add a few other things to the ConsumingRestApplication class to get it to
show quotations from our RESTful source. You need to add:
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A logger, to send output to the log (the console, in this example).
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A
RestTemplate, which uses the Jackson JSON processing library to process the incoming data. -
A
CommandLineRunnerthat runs theRestTemplate(and, consequently, fetches our quotation) on startup.
The following listing shows the finished ConsumingRestApplication class (at
src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/ConsumingRestApplication.java):
link:complete/src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/ConsumingRestApplication.java[role=include]Finally, you need to set the server port. The quoters application uses the default server port, 8080, so this application cannot also use the same port. You can set the server port to 8081 by adding the following line to application properties (which the Initializr created for you):
server.port=8081
You should see output similar to the following but with a random quotation:
2019-08-22 14:06:46.506 INFO 42940 --- [ main] c.e.c.ConsumingRestApplication : Quote{type='success', value=Value{id=1, quote='Working with Spring Boot is like pair-programming with the Spring developers.'}}
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Note
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If you see an error that reads, Could not extract response: no suitable
HttpMessageConverter found for response type [class com.example.consumingrest.Quote], it
is possible that you are in an environment that cannot connect to the backend service
(which sends JSON if you can reach it). Maybe you are behind a corporate proxy. Try
setting the http.proxyHost and http.proxyPort system properties to values appropriate
for your environment.
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The following guides may also be helpful: