Finnish building stock default structural data

This dataset contains default data describing the variety of structures used in the Finnish building stock, as well as ventilation properties. The main data contains structural layer properties like type, thickness, and material by source and structure. The data in this dataset is based on a variety of public sources, and a lot of subjective guesstimation.

The main source is the appendix of the Finnish energy certificate guide, but others are included as well.

Contents

Here's a quick overview of the important contents of this dataset, and a brief description of each file. For a detailed description of this dataset, see the end of the README.

1. datapackage.json, the Data Package definition.
2. import_finnish_structural_data.json, the Spine Toolbox importer specification.
3. data/fenestration.csv, contains properties of fenestration for different building types and age categories.
4. data/materials.csv, lists all the different materials and their properties that are relevant for the structures.
5. data/sources.csv, lists the different sources for the structural data used in this dataset.
6. data/structure_descriptions.csv, lists each structure by source, and their overall properties and descriptions.
7. data/structural_layers.csv, contains the detailed structural data down to individual layers.
8. data/types.csv, contains surface resistances for different types of structures.
9. data/ventilation.csv, contains ventilation properties for different building types and age categories.
10. data/ventilation_spaces.csv, contains thermal resistances for ventilation spaces according to Finnish building code C4 2003.

Usage

The dataset is formatted as a Data Package, hopefully facilitating interoperability and reuse. However, this dataset was originally designed to be used via Spine Toolbox, with the following steps in mind:

1. Add a Data Connection item, and refer it to the datapackage.json file.
2. Use the Add specification from a file option from the toolbar, and select the import_finnish_structural_data.json file to add the necessary Importer definition.
3. Add an Importer item, connect the above Data Connection to it, and select the above importer specification for it.
4. Connect the Importer to the desired Spine Datastore where you want the data to be imported to.

License

Copyright © 2020 Topi Rasku topi.rasku@vtt.fi and VTT Technological Research Centre of Finland Ltd. This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). See LICENSE for more information.

Acknowledgements

This dataset was built for the Research Council of Finland project "Integration of building flexibility into future energy systems (FlexiB)" under grant agreement No 332421.

CSC – IT Center for Science, Finland, provides the Fairdata.fi service for easy research metadata publication.

Dataset description

This section hopes to describe the raw data in enough detail to give you a better idea of what is and isn't included in the dataset. The format of the raw data can be a bit confusing at times, as it was originally designed for the finnish_RT_structural_data dataset, and doesn't necessarily fit the non-structural data so well.

Currently, the weights of each structure for each building type in data/structure_descriptions.csv is based solely on guessimation. It might be possible to refine these values based on data from e.g. Statistics Finland, but I've yet to try and do so.

data/fenestration.csv

This file contains the following fenestration properties: U_value_W_m2K, solar_energy_transmittance, frame_area_fraction, and notes for each source and building_type. The source basically represents the time period the windows in question were in use after.

Sources for the raw data include:

• The appendix of the Finnish energy certificate guide
• Puuikkunan historia by Pauliina Kamarainen.
• Vanhan puuikkunan energiakunnostus by Janne Jokelainen.
• Ikkunoiden energiatalous by Ilpo Kaikkonen.

data/materials.csv

This file defines the different structure_materials, links them to the appropriate frame_material, as well as contains their necessary thermal properties. Minimum and maximum values found in the literature are reported for density (kg/m3), specific heat (J/kgK), and thermal conductivity (W/mK).

Sources include:

• Primary source Rakennusmateriaalisen rakennusfysikaaliset ominaisuudet by Katariina Laine 2010.
• Finnish Building Code C4 2003.
• Missing values from EngineeringToolbox, or simply guesstimated.

data/sources.csv

This file defines the different sources of data, and contains the source_year and source_description parameters for each source. Essentially, each source corresponds to a different time period (source_year), after which the structures, fenestration, or ventilation solutions can be assumed to have been in use. The source_description parameter contains a brief description of the contents of each source.

data/structure_descriptions.csv

This file defines each structure by source, as well as a pivot table for guesstimated weights of each structure by building_type. Furthermore, the design_U_value_W/m2K and a brief description of each structure is included, as are structure_notes about the assumption regarding the assumed weights.

Sources include:

• The appendix of the Finnish energy certificate guide

data/structural_layers.csv

This file defines each the properties of individual structural layers, represented using a layer_id. Each layer_id is attributed to a specific structure indicated by the (source, structure) pair, and each structure is assigned a structure_type from [roof, exterior_wall, base_floor, separating_floor, partition_wall] (this really should be a property in structure_descritions.csv, but is currently defined here, unfortunately). Furthermore, each layer_id is attributed to a structure_material, which determines the material properties for that layer. The rest of the columns are layer-specific parameters, described below:

• layer_weight: Describes the approximated share of the total volume in the case of overlapping layers, e.g. different types of furring with space in between the material.
• layer_number: Determines the order of the layers in the structure, explained in detail further down.
• layer_minimum_thickness_mm: Determines the minimum possible thickness of the layer in millimetres.
• layer_load_bearing_thickness_mm: Determines the minimum thickness of the layer in millimetres, when the structure is load-bearing.
• layer_tag: Describes the primary purpose of the layer.
• notes: Contains additional information about possible assumptions, dimensioning, furring, etc.

All the structures have their layers enumerated using the layer_number to indicate their order in the structure. For envelope structures, the ordering of the layers is relative to the thermal insulation layer, with the thermal insulation layer being the zeroth layer. Structural layers towards the exterior of increase into positive numbers, and structural layers towards the interior decrease into negative numbers. For separating floors and partition walls, the ordering of the layers is relative to the load-bearing layer. Numbering of structural layers of separating floors and partition walls is based on their order in the RT card, with the topmost structure being the positive extreme.

Sources include (but not limited to):

• Primary source: the appendix of the Finnish energy certificate guide
• Asuinkerrostalojen välipohjarakenteet 1890-1960 ja niiden korjaaminen by Suvi Takko.
• 1900-luvun kerrostalojen yleisimmät rakenteet ja niissä ilmeneviä ongelmia by Tomi Paajanen.
• Korjausrakentamisen suunnitteluratkaisuja 1800 – 1950-luvuilla rakennettuihin rakennuksiin Suomessa. Suunnittelijan ohje. by Tiina Säily.
• Puurunkoisen pientalon energiatehokkuuden kehitys by Janne Taskinen.

data/types.csv

This file contains the following parameters: interior_resistance_m2K_W, interior_resistance_m2K_W, linear_thermal_bridge_W_mK, is_internal, ventilation_space_heat_flow_direction, and structure_type_notes, for each structure_type: base_floor, exterior_wall, partition_wall, roof, separating_floor. The values are based on the Finnish building code Suomen rakentamismääräyskokoelma C4: Lämmöneristys, ohjeet 2003, but the 2013 draft has the exact same values. The linear thermal bridges are based on Energiatehokkuus - Rakennuksen energiankulutuksen ja lämmitystehotarpeen laskenta (2018), which is also a part of the Finnish building code.

data/ventilation.csv

This file contains the minimum and maximum ventilation rate (1/h), n50 infiltration rate (1/h), infiltration factor influenced by the height of the building, as well as the heat recovery unit (HRU) efficiency, for each source and building_type. A notes column is also included for notes about data sources and data quality.

Sources include:

• Asuinrakennusten ilmanpitävyys, sisäilmasto ja energiatalous and Puurunkoisten pientalojen kosteus- ja lämpötilaolosuhteet, ilmanvaihto ja ilmatiiviys, both reports by Juha Vinha et al. at Tampere University of Technology.
• Ilmatiiveys ja vuotokohdat pientaloissa by Heikki Jussila.
• Energiatehokkuus - Rakennuksen energiankulutuksen ja lämmitystehotarpeen laskenta by Ympäristöministeriö.
• Puurunkoisen pientalon energiatehokkuuden kehitys by Janne Taskinen.
• Rakennusten sisäilmasto ja ilmanvaihto D2 (2012) by Ympäristöministeriö.

data/ventilation_spaces.csv

This file contains the thermal resistance of ventilation spaces depending on thickness and heat flow direction according to the Finnish building code C4 2003.