The purpose of this project is to produce a clean GDS (Graphic Design System) Final Layout with all details that are used to print photomasks used in the fabrication of a behavioral RTL (Register-Transfer Level) of an 8-bit Priority Encoder, using SkyWater 130 nm PDK (Process Design Kit)
- Design Overview
- IP specs Provided
- Verilog behavioral design
- Pre-layout
- OpenLane
- Synthesis
- Floorplanning
- Placement
- Routing
- Layout vs Schematic
- Final Layout
- Post-layout
- Steps to reproduce and explore the design
- Key points to Remember
- Area of improvement
- References
- Acknowledgement
- Author
For detailed IP specs, click here
Yosys synthesis
OpenLane is an automated RTL to GDSII flow based on several components including OpenROAD, Yosys, Magic, Netgen, Fault and custom methodology scripts for design exploration and optimization. For more information check here
- Synthesis
yosys- Performs RTL synthesisabc- Performs technology mappingOpenSTA- Performs static timing analysis on the resulting netlist to generate timing reports
- Floorplan and PDN
init_fp- Defines the core area for the macro as well as the rows (used for placement) and the tracks (used for routing)ioplacer- Places the macro input and output portspdn- Generates the power distribution networktapcell- Inserts welltap and decap cells in the floorplan
- Placement
RePLace- Performs global placementResizer- Performs optional optimizations on the designOpenDP- Perfroms detailed placement to legalize the globally placed components
- CTS
TritonCTS- Synthesizes the clock distribution network (the clock tree)
- Routing
FastRoute- Performs global routing to generate a guide file for the detailed routerCU-GR- Another option for performing global routing.TritonRoute- Performs detailed routingSPEF-Extractor- Performs SPEF extraction
- GDSII Generation
Magic- Streams out the final GDSII layout file from the routed defKlayout- Streams out the final GDSII layout file from the routed def as a back-up
- Checks
Magic- Performs DRC Checks & Antenna ChecksKlayout- Performs DRC ChecksNetgen- Performs LVS ChecksCVC- Performs Circuit Validity Checks
- Preferred Ubuntu OS)
- Docker 19.03.12+
- GNU Make
- Python 3.6+ with PIP
- Click, Pyyaml:
pip3 install pyyaml click
git clone https://github.com/The-OpenROAD-Project/OpenLane.git
cd OpenLane/
make openlane
make pdk
make test # This a ~5 minute test that verifies that the flow and the pdk were properly installed
For detailed installation process, check here
make mount
- Note
- Default PDK_ROOT is $(pwd)/pdks. If you have installed the PDK at a different location, run the following before
make mount: - Default IMAGE_NAME is efabless/openlane:current. If you want to use a different version, run the following before
make mount:
- Default PDK_ROOT is $(pwd)/pdks. If you have installed the PDK at a different location, run the following before
The following is roughly what happens under the hood when you run make mount + the required exports:
export PDK_ROOT=<absolute path to where skywater-pdk and open_pdks will reside>
export IMAGE_NAME=<docker image name>
docker run -it -v $(pwd):/openLANE_flow -v $PDK_ROOT:$PDK_ROOT -e PDK_ROOT=$PDK_ROOT -u $(id -u $USER):$(id -g $USER) $IMAGE_NAME
You can use the following example to check the overall setup:
./flow.tcl -design spm
To run openlane in interactive mode
./flow.tcl -interactive
Terminal snap (To perform pre-layout simulation)
GTKWave output waveform
Synthesis reports
- Printing statistics.
=== dvsd_pe ===
Number of wires: 53
Number of wire bits: 64
Number of public wires: 5
Number of public wire bits: 14
Number of memories: 0
Number of memory bits: 0
Number of processes: 0
Number of cells: 55
$_ANDNOT_ 10
$_AND_ 1
$_DLATCH_N_ 3
$_NAND_ 3
$_NOR_ 4
$_ORNOT_ 9
$_OR_ 25
- Printing statistics.
=== dvsd_pe ===
Number of wires: 35
Number of wire bits: 44
Number of public wires: 5
Number of public wire bits: 14
Number of memories: 0
Number of memory bits: 0
Number of processes: 0
Number of cells: 35
sky130_fd_sc_hd__a21oi_2 1
sky130_fd_sc_hd__a2bb2o_2 1
sky130_fd_sc_hd__a31o_2 1
sky130_fd_sc_hd__buf_1 5
sky130_fd_sc_hd__dlxtn_1 3
sky130_fd_sc_hd__inv_2 8
sky130_fd_sc_hd__o21ai_2 1
sky130_fd_sc_hd__o22a_2 2
sky130_fd_sc_hd__o22ai_2 1
sky130_fd_sc_hd__o2bb2a_2 1
sky130_fd_sc_hd__o41a_2 2
sky130_fd_sc_hd__or2_2 1
sky130_fd_sc_hd__or3_2 2
sky130_fd_sc_hd__or4_2 4
sky130_fd_sc_hd__or4b_2 2
Chip area for module '\dvsd_pe': 276.515200
- Yosys synthesis strategies
# User config
set ::env(DESIGN_NAME) dvsd_pe
# Change if needed
set ::env(VERILOG_FILES) [glob $::env(DESIGN_DIR)/src/*.v]
# turn off clock
set ::env(CLOCK_TREE_SYNTH) 0
set ::env(CLOCK_PORT) ""
set ::env(PL_SKIP_INITIAL_PLACEMENT) 1
set ::env(PL_RANDOM_GLB_PLACEMENT) 0
set ::env(FP_SIZING) absolute
set ::env(DIE_AREA) "0 0 34.165 54.885"
set ::env(PL_TARGET_DENSITY) 0.75
set ::env(FP_HORIZONTAL_HALO) 6
set ::env(FP_VERTICAL_HALO) $::env(FP_HORIZONTAL_HALO)
set filename $::env(DESIGN_DIR)/$::env(PDK)_$::env(STD_CELL_LIBRARY)_config.tcl
if { [file exists $filename] == 1} {
source $filename
}
- Placement Analysis
---------------------------------
total displacement 274.2 u
average displacement 3.5 u
max displacement 33.8 u
original HPWL 639.8 u
legalized HPWL 838.1 u
delta HPWL 31 %
- Routing resources analysis
Routing Original Derated Resource
Layer Direction Resources Resources Reduction (%)
---------------------------------------------------------------
li1 Vertical 420 396 5.71%
met1 Horizontal 560 380 32.14%
met2 Vertical 420 432 -2.86%
met3 Horizontal 280 234 16.43%
met4 Vertical 168 167 0.60%
met5 Horizontal 56 42 25.00%
---------------------------------------------------------------
- Final congestion report
Layer Resource Demand Usage (%) Max H / Max V / Total Overflow
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
li1 396 31 7.83% 0 / 0 / 0
met1 380 26 6.84% 0 / 0 / 0
met2 432 4 0.93% 0 / 0 / 0
met3 234 0 0.00% 0 / 0 / 0
met4 167 0 0.00% 0 / 0 / 0
met5 42 0 0.00% 0 / 0 / 0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1651 61 3.69% 0 / 0 / 0
- Routing resurces analysis
Routing Original Derated Resource
Layer Direction Resources Resources Reduction (%)
---------------------------------------------------------------
li1 Vertical 420 168 60.00%
met1 Horizontal 560 384 31.43%
met2 Vertical 420 432 -2.86%
met3 Horizontal 280 234 16.43%
met4 Vertical 168 167 0.60%
met5 Horizontal 56 42 25.00%
---------------------------------------------------------------
- Final congestion report
Layer Resource Demand Usage (%) Max H / Max V / Total Overflow
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
li1 168 31 18.45% 0 / 0 / 0
met1 384 43 11.20% 0 / 0 / 0
met2 432 36 8.33% 0 / 0 / 0
met3 234 0 0.00% 0 / 0 / 0
met4 167 0 0.00% 0 / 0 / 0
met5 42 0 0.00% 0 / 0 / 0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1427 110 7.71% 0 / 0 / 0
- Complete detail routing
total wire length = 874 um
total wire length on LAYER li1 = 62 um
total wire length on LAYER met1 = 341 um
total wire length on LAYER met2 = 438 um
total wire length on LAYER met3 = 31 um
total wire length on LAYER met4 = 0 um
total wire length on LAYER met5 = 0 um
total number of vias = 297
up-via summary (total 297):
----------------------
FR_MASTERSLICE 0
li1 153
met1 138
met2 6
met3 0
met4 0
----------------------
297
Run Directory: /openLANE_flow/designs/dvsd_pe/runs/run
----------------------------------------
Magic DRC Summary:
Source: /openLANE_flow/designs/dvsd_pe/runs/run3/reports/magic//31-magic.drc
Total Magic DRC violations is 0
----------------------------------------
LVS Summary:
Source: /openLANE_flow/designs/dvsd_pe/runs/run3/results/lvs/dvsd_pe.lvs_parsed.lef.log
LVS reports no net, device, pin, or property mismatches.
Total errors = 0
----------------------------------------
Antenna Summary:
Source: /openLANE_flow/designs/dvsd_pe/runs/run3/reports/routing//33-antenna.rpt
Number of pins violated: 0
Number of nets violated: 0
[INFO]: check full report here: /openLANE_flow/designs/dvsd_pe/runs/run3/reports/final_summary_report.csv
[INFO]: Saving Runtime Environment
[SUCCESS]: Flow Completed Without Fatal Errors.
- Subcircuit summary
Circuit 1: dvsd_pe |Circuit 2: dvsd_pe
-------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------
sky130_fd_sc_hd__fill_2 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__fill_2 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__nand2_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__nand2_1 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__decap_4 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__decap_4 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__o21ai_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__o21ai_1 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__clkbuf_2 (5) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__clkbuf_2 (5)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__fill_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__fill_1 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__a21oi_1 (2) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__a21oi_1 (2)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__decap_8 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__decap_8 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__or4_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__or4_1 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__buf_1 (8) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__buf_1 (8)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__decap_6 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__decap_6 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__a2111o_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__a2111o_1 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__decap_3 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__decap_3 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__inv_2 (6) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__inv_2 (6)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__dlxtn_1 (3) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__dlxtn_1 (3)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__or2_1 (2) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__or2_1 (2)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__o2bb2a_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__o2bb2a_1 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__clkbuf_1 (4) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__clkbuf_1 (4)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__dlymetal6s2s_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__dlymetal6s2s_1 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__tapvpwrvgnd_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__tapvpwrvgnd_1 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__o22ai_1 (2) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__o22ai_1 (2)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__or3_1 (3) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__or3_1 (3)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__o41a_1 (2) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__o41a_1 (2)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__or3b_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__or3b_1 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__a2bb2o_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__a2bb2o_1 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__o22a_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__o22a_1 (1)
sky130_fd_sc_hd__or4b_1 (1) |sky130_fd_sc_hd__or4b_1 (1)
Number of devices: 54 |Number of devices: 54
Number of nets: 58 |Number of nets: 58
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Circuits match uniquely.
Netlists match uniquely.
- Subcircuits pins
Circuit 1: dvsd_pe |Circuit 2: dvsd_pe
-------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------
in[0] |in[0]
in[1] |in[1]
in[2] |in[2]
in[5] |in[5]
in[4] |in[4]
in[3] |in[3]
en |en
in[6] |in[6]
in[7] |in[7]
eno |eno
out[2] |out[2]
out[0] |out[0]
out[1] |out[1]
gs |gs
VGND |VGND
VPWR |VPWR
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Layout after floorplanning and placement in Magic
- Final GDS layout
- Closeup view of the final layout design
- lef layout
- tkcon window
Terminal snap (To perform post-layout simulation)
GTKWave output waveform
- Clone the project using following command
git clone https://github.com/Khalique13/dvsd-8-bit-priority-encoder.git
- To explore synthesis of the design
make mount
flow.tcl -design dvsd_pe -synth_explore
- To reproduce Pre-layout simulation
cd pre_layout/
iverilog -o dvsd_pe dvsd_pe.v test_dvsd_pe.v
./dvsd_pe
gtkwave dvsd_pe.vcd
- To explore floorplan
cd floorplan/
magic lef read merged.lef def read dvsd_pe.floorplan.def &
- To explore placement
cd placement/
magic lef read merged.lef def read dvsd_pe.placement.def &
- To explore final layout
cd final_layout/
magic dvsd_pe.mag
- To reproduce Post-layout simulation
cd post_layout/
iverilog -o gls -DFUNCTIONAL -DUNIT_DELAY=#1 gls.v primitives.v sky130_fd_sc_hd.v
./gls
gtkwave gls.vcd
- Complete details, logs and results can be found under this folder.
dvsd_pe
├── config.tcl
├── runs
│ ├── run
│ │ ├── config.tcl
│ │ ├── logs
│ │ │ ├── cts
│ │ │ ├── cvc
│ │ │ ├── floorplan
│ │ │ ├── klayout
│ │ │ ├── magic
│ │ │ ├── placement
│ │ │ ├── routing
│ │ │ └── synthesis
│ │ ├── reports
│ │ │ ├── cts
│ │ │ ├── cvc
│ │ │ ├── floorplan
│ │ │ ├── klayout
│ │ │ ├── magic
│ │ │ ├── placement
│ │ │ ├── routing
│ │ │ └── synthesis
│ │ ├── results
│ │ │ ├── cts
│ │ │ ├── cvc
│ │ │ ├── floorplan
│ │ │ ├── klayout
│ │ │ ├── magic
│ │ │ ├── placement
│ │ │ ├── routing
│ │ │ └── synthesis
│ │ └── tmp
│ │ ├── cts
│ │ ├── cvc
│ │ ├── floorplan
│ │ ├── klayout
│ │ ├── magic
│ │ ├── placement
│ │ ├── routing
│ │ └── synthesis
- Keep the top module name and design name always, else errors would come in the design.
- This project is a Combinaional block hence there is no clock, static time analysis is being skiped.
- Improvement in the design and integration of Power pins.
- To perform spice simulation of the final GDS layout.
- GitLab/OpenLane workshop
- The OpenROAD Project/OpenLane
- Ahmed Ghazy and Mohamed Shalan, "OpenLane: The Open-Source Digital ASIC Implementation Flow", Article No.21, Workshop on Open-Source EDA Technology (WOSET), 2020. Paper
- Kunal Ghosh, Founder, VSD Corp. Pvt. Ltd
- Mohammad Khalique Khan, Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering, Aliah University