ci: overhaul build-and-test derivatives and split clang-tidy

[xmfcx]

Description

• Split clang-tidy into its own workflow
• Rename -self-hosted jobs to -arm64
• Remove jlumbroso/free-disk-space@v1.3.1 because it has no effect in containers.
• Upgrade actions/checkout@v3 to v4
• Run -differential jobs on reopened too.

Tag dependency changes

• Add tag dependency to both build-and-main-differential and clang-tidy-differential workflows.
• Make use of make-sure-label-is-present.yaml reusable workflow since it supports multiple labels.
  • See: feat(make-sure-label-is-present): new workflow autoware-github-actions#301

Fetch depth changes

• For build-and-main jobs:
  • add fetch-depth: 1 since they don't check for modified packages
• For build-and-main-differential jobs:
  • add Set PR fetch depth step to fetch only the PR commits.

Tests performed

All the differential jobs are tested with the labels and passed on this PR.

• build-and-test on main has passed: https://github.com/autowarefoundation/autoware_common/actions/runs/9514721439
• build-and-test-arm64 cannot be tested before merging for the first time but will probably pass.

Effects on system behavior

Not applicable.

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