⬆️ update mqt-core and adapt to changes

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR updates MQT Core and adapts the code base to the changes from cda-tum/mqt-core#668.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 90.4%. Comparing base (f61fc74) to head (5183553).
Report is 67 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #507     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   90.5%   90.4%   -0.1%     
=======================================
  Files         86      86             
  Lines      10024   10023      -1     
  Branches    1712    1711      -1     
=======================================
- Hits        9072    9066      -6     
- Misses       952     957      +5     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	90.1% <100.0%> (-0.1%)	⬇️
python	95.9% <ø> (ø)

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
include/Architecture.hpp	88.4% <ø> (ø)
include/DataLogger.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
include/Mapper.hpp	85.2% <ø> (ø)
include/cliffordsynthesis/CliffordSynthesizer.hpp	88.1% <ø> (ø)
include/cliffordsynthesis/Results.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
include/cliffordsynthesis/Tableau.hpp	86.6% <ø> (ø)
include/cliffordsynthesis/encoding/GateEncoder.hpp	88.8% <ø> (ø)
...de/cliffordsynthesis/encoding/ObjectiveEncoder.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
...lude/cliffordsynthesis/encoding/TableauEncoder.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
include/hybridmap/HardwareQubits.hpp	94.5% <ø> (ø)
... and 28 more

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes