schemaStorage(ticdc): remove schemaVersion in schemaStorage (#11869)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #11869

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #11868

What is changed and how it works?

This PR removes the SchemaVersion field and its associated logic from the schemaStorage component in TiCDC. The change is part of an effort to remove schema change checking and reduce redundant logic.

Related to #11733.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test

Questions

Will it cause performance regression or break compatibility?

No.

Do you need to update user documentation, design documentation or monitoring documentation?

No.

Release note

None

[ti-chi-bot]

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[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-chi-bot: The following tests failed, say /retest to rerun all failed tests or /retest-required to rerun all mandatory failed tests:

Test name	Commit	Details	Required	Rerun command
pull-cdc-integration-pulsar-test	51da60e	link	true	/test cdc-integration-pulsar-test
pull-cdc-integration-kafka-test	51da60e	link	true	/test cdc-integration-kafka-test
jenkins-ticdc/verify	51da60e	link	true	/test verify
pull-cdc-integration-mysql-test	51da60e	link	true	/test cdc-integration-mysql-test
pull-cdc-integration-storage-test	51da60e	link	true	/test cdc-integration-storage-test

Full PR test history. Your PR dashboard.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Please upload report for BASE (release-8.5@3703b18). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

Components	Coverage Δ
cdc	∅ <0.0000%> (?)
dm	50.0654% <0.0000%> (?)
engine	53.2505% <0.0000%> (?)

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	50.8756% <ø> (?)

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