[CI] Add debian source build job (backport #1310)

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #1310 done by Mergify.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (5d51c33) 47.81% compared to head (b58d01f) 47.81%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             iron    #1330   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   47.81%   47.81%           
=======================================
  Files          42       42           
  Lines        3547     3547           
  Branches     1927     1927           
=======================================
  Hits         1696     1696           
  Misses        468      468           
  Partials     1383     1383           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	47.81% <ø> (ø)

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