[CI] Improvements and Cleanups

[christophfroehlich]

Similar to ros-controls/ros2_controllers#1028

RHEL/Debian

• Build and test only the packages from this repo, instead of all packages imported with the repos file. I used colcon list instead of hardcoding it as it is done with the lint jobs.
• Split build and test steps, and let the test step continue-on-error: The main goal is to detect compilation problems with unsupported C++ features, which are now visible at first glance. Tests remain flaky on theses platforms, which is a different issue.
• Activate test of ros2controlcli on debian, it seems to succeed now.

Others

• Use a single package list for lint job

Backport after #1364 #1374 / #1365 #1375

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (786d5b5) 47.49% compared to head (b8bf81c) 75.97%.
Report is 3 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1376       +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage   47.49%   75.97%   +28.47%     
===========================================
  Files          41       41               
  Lines        3556     3355      -201     
  Branches     1938     1931        -7     
===========================================
+ Hits         1689     2549      +860     
+ Misses        459      418       -41     
+ Partials     1408      388     -1020     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	75.97% <ø> (+28.47%)	⬆️

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see 32 files with indirect coverage changes